问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面一段文字,完成8一10题

陈景润

这曾是一个举世震惊的奇迹:屈居于六平方米小屋的陈景润,借一盏昏暗的煤油灯,伏在床板上,用一支笔,耗去了几麻袋的草稿纸,居然攻克了世界著名数学难题“哥德巴赫猜想”中的(1+2),创建了距摘取这颗数论皇冠上的明珠(1+1)只是一步之遥的辉煌,被国际数学界誉为“陈氏定理”。

他开拓了数论研究中的一个崭新的时代。他那瘦弱的身影,几乎凝聚了全世界所有数学家关注倾慕的目光。自负的日本人,对有着五千年文明史的中国,称道两位数学奇才:一位是祖冲之,一位便是陈景润。他们由衷地在这两位中华俊杰面前顶礼膜拜。

陈景润,由新中国培养起来的第一代数学家,堪称时代的楷模,世纪的丰碑。这位数学巨星,尽管已经去世一年多了,然而,他研究哥德巴赫猜想和其他数论问题的成就,至今仍然在世界上遥遥领先。世界级的数学大师、美国学者阿·威尔(A·Weil)曾这样称赞他:“陈景润的每一项工作,都好像是在喜马拉雅山山巅上行走。”陈景润于1978年和1982年两次收到国际数学家大会请他作45分钟报告的邀请。这是中国人的自豪和骄傲。他所取得的成绩,他所赢得的殊荣,为千千万万的知识分子树起了一面不凋的旗帜,辉映三山五岳,召唤着亿万的青少年奋发向前。当一代伟人邓 * * 了解到陈景润顽强拼搏的传奇式经历和出类拔萃的业绩后,无限感慨地说:像陈景润这样的“世界上公认有水平的”科学家, “中国有一千个就了不得”。

一个人便是一个世界,一个人便是一页历史。陈景润是旷世奇才,然而,沿着他的足迹,我们却可以清晰地倾听到时代前进的脚步声,可以鲜活地领略到岁月风雨的凉热,可以敏感地品味到人生奋斗的艰难和壮美。倘若说,人生是一部教科书,那么,陈景润的一生,便是足以让世世代代皆可细细揣摩、咀嚼、吮吸以至于奉为典范的一部长卷,一部鸿篇巨著。

他的经历比传奇更曲折。

他的性格比小说更鲜明。

他的气质如南方的榕树。

他的品格是北方的桦林。

“在科学上是巨人,在生活中是孩子。”强烈反差的人格构造,展现出一系列耐人寻味而又充满浓郁生活气息的美学风采。枯燥的数学,被陈景润点化为繁星璀璨的天空、万木葱茏的大地;而这位数学家的故事,同样令人荡气回肠,百感交集。陈景润走了,他已化为了历史;化为了祖国大地上不屈的高山、浩瀚的大海;化为了人们绵绵无尽的思念以及人们为弘扬他的精神和进一步开创他的事业而奋勇前进的脚步。

历史是不朽的。那是源远流长的母亲河。陈景润用生命编织了昨日历史的辉煌,它牵起了今天的绚烂,明天的幽远,它流过炎黄子孙的心田,也流过祖国大地的春夏秋冬。

陈景润必将得到永生。

8.文章前两段是怎样展现陈景润的辉煌成就的?请简要分析。(4分)                                                                                               

9.理解下面句子在文中的含意。(5分)

(1)陈景润的每一项工作,都好像是在喜马拉雅山山巅上行走。 (2分)                                                                                               

(2)一个人便是一个世界,一个人便是一页历史。(3分)                                                                                               

10.要成为某一领域的大家,我们应该怎么做?请结合数学大师陈景润,谈谈你的看法。 (6分)                                                                                               

答案

8.正面描写与侧面描写相结合。先正面点出陈景润取得了辉煌成就,在世界上获得了很高的赞誉,指出他开创了数论研究中的一个崭新的时代。又从他的身影几乎凝聚了全世界所有数学家关注倾慕的目光,侧面表现陈景润成就的举世瞩目。  (每点2分,共4分)

9.①说明他的研究不仅在当时,即使在死后都位于世界领先地位,都位于科学顶峰。②说明陈景润在进行科学研究的过程中,像登珠峰那样历尽艰难。(2分)   

(2)陈景润的一生是奋斗的一生,是曲折艰难的一生,又是壮美的一生,辉煌的一生,可谓丰富多彩。从他的经历中,可以看出历史的变迁。(3分)

10. 要点: (1)执著坚定;  (2)毅力顽强:  (3)吃苦耐劳;  (4)隐忍不言;  (5)生活简单

8.无

9.本题考查的是重点句子的含义,要联系上下文理解。

10.本题为探究题,有一定的开放性但又不可随意发挥。应立足于主人公的言谈举止、人生经历、处世态度,概括其特质。 

单项选择题
单项选择题

In the early 1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of the only three players in the National Basketball Association (NBA) listed at over seven feet. If he had played last season, however, he would have been one of 42. The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years, and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longer frames.

The trend in sports, though, may be obscuring an unrecognized reality: Americans have generally stopped growing. Though typically about two inches taller now than 140 years ago, today’ s people—especially those born to families who have lived in the U. S. for many generations--apparently reached their limit in the early 1960s. And they aren’t likely to get any taller. "In the general population to- day, at this genetic, environmental level, we’ve pretty much gone as far as we can go," says anthropologist William Cameron Chumlea of Wright State University. In the case of NBA players, their in- crease in height appears to result from the increasingly common practice of recruiting players from all over the world.

Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrients—notably, protein—to feed expanding tissues. At the start of the 20th century, under-nutrition and childhood infections got in the way. But as diet and health improved, children and adolescents have, on average, increased in height by about an inch and a half every 20 years, a pattern known as the secular trend in height. Yet according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, average height—5’9" for men, 5’4" for women—hasn’t really changed since 1960.

Genetically speaking, there are advantages to avoiding substantial height. During childbirth, larger babies have more difficulty passing through the birth canal. Moreover, even though humans have been upright for millions of years, our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and can- not easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs. "There are some real constraints that are set by the genetic architecture of the individual organism," says anthropologist William Leonard of Northwestern University.

Genetic maximums can change, but don’t expect this to happen soon. Claire C. Gordon, senior anthropologist at the Army Research Center in Natick, Mass. , ensures that 90 percent of the uniforms and workstations fit recruits without alteration. She says that, unlike those for basketball, the length of military uniforms has not changed for some time. And if you need to predict human height in the near future to design a piece of equipment, Gordon says that by and large, "you could use today’s data and feel fairly confident.\

The text intends to tell us that()

A. the change of human height follows a cyclic pattern

B. human height is becoming even more predictable

C. Americans have reached their genetic growth limit

D. the genetic pattern of Americans has altered