问题 问答题 简答题

试述医疗市场的基本特征。

答案

参考答案:

医疗市场的存在是客观事实。在医疗服务的供求关系中,医疗服务所需商品和药品等,以及医疗技术劳务的有偿供求交换关系,形成了服务供应和有支付能力需求的货币交换关系。医疗机构的大部分收入是通过医疗服务所获得的,其中充满了市场经济的经营活动。但毫无疑问,医疗市场是一个特殊的市场,与其他市场有所区别,主要表现在以下几方面。

(1)医疗市场的供需关系具有特殊的双重属性:医疗服务的供需双方,不仅具有供需市场关系,同时也是人道主义的救死扶伤的服务关系。因此,在承认医疗服务具有商品交换属性的同时,也必须妥善处理其与医学伦理的关系。

(2)医疗市场是特殊的卖方市场:医疗机构和医务人员与患者的关系不同于一般的供求关系。由于信息的不对称,供方提供服务具有一定的垄断性,即使病人可以选择供方,但供需关系一旦建立,很容易形成供需之间的服从关系,形成特殊的卖方市场。

(3)市场的供需关系具有特殊的综合性:在一般的市场供需关系中,有物质产品关系、服务产品关系、技术劳务等,而医患关系是将物质商品通过技术劳务,并与情感交流融为一体的综合性供需关系,绝不应该成为简单而无情的金钱关系。

(4)医疗市场具有多层次、多方面的特殊制约性:即使在自由市场经济为主的美国,医疗服务也在一定程度上具有社会福利性质。在任何一个国家,政府、社会都不同程度地对医疗资源配置、医疗市场价格和医疗消费水平采取种种调控措施,从而构成对医疗市场运行的多层次、多方面的制约环境。医疗服务的市场导向和计划调控是相互结合的,而不应该相互排斥。由此可见,医疗市场是一种特殊的市场,是一种不完全竞争的市场。这有助于避免出现认识上的一些"误区",如片面强调医院的福利性或单纯推行市场化,这两种倾向都不利于医院的健康发展。

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Children laugh often and easily . But as we grow up , we laugh less and feel more stressed. Try laughing for no reason at all . That’s how thousands of people start their day at Laughter Clubs around the world , and doctors now think that having a good laugh may be one of the best ways to stay healthy. The first Laughter Club was started in Mumbai ,India ,in June,1995 by Dr Madam Kataria. “ Young children laugh about 300 times a day. Adults laugh between 7 and 15 times a day , ”says Dr Kataria . “Everyone’s naturally good at laughing . We want people to feel happy with their lives .” There are now more than 500 Laughter Clubs in India and over 1,300 worldwide.

Place: 264 North Main Street , East Longmeadow. We’re in an office building near the entrance . Walk              down the hall and we’re on the right .

When : Every Sunday afternoon from 3:45 p.m. to 4:45 p.m.

Cost : Free. Donation will be welcomed.

Ages : Adults from 18 to 75.

Parking (停车):If you’re facing the building ,the car park is on the right of the building .

Teacher : Robert Rivest.

More information ,go to http:// www. robertrivest.com.

If you want to feel like a kid again ,try our Laughter Club . You will get used to it in five minutes and begin to laugh for real in ten minutes and sometimes you just can’t stop! You’ll experience deeper pleasure in half an hour. You’ll meet other people who want more fun and laughter. And you will feel so relaxed in about one hour !

Come and join us for laughter and a fun social experience!

小题1:The text is a ______.

A.note

B.report

C.story

D.poster小题2:How soon will you start laughing in the Laughter Club ?

A.In five minutes.

B.In ten minutes.

C.In half an hour.

D.In about one hour.小题3:The main purpose of Paragraph 1 is to ________.

A.tell people where the first Laughter Club is

B.explain how laugh makes people stay healthy

C.show Laughter Clubs are popular in the world

D.describe the reason why children laugh often and easily小题4:Which of the following is true ?

A.When you go out of the Laughter Club ,you should turn left for the car park.

B.You may stay in the Laughter Club for more than one hour.

C.Children can go to the Laughter Club with their parents.

D.You have to donate to join the Laughter Club.

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