问题 材料题

儒家思想是中国传统思想,经历了数千年发展。阅读下列材料,回答下列问题:

材料一:①“仁者爱人” 、“己所不欲,勿施于人”、“ 幼吾幼,及人之幼。老吾老,及人之老”②“天行有常,不为尧存,不为桀亡”

材料二:①“观大地诸国,皆以变法而强,守旧而亡。能变则变,不变则亡,全变则强,……如今中国不变法,则必亡是矣。”②“我们现在认定,只有这两位先生可以救治中国政治上、道德上、学术上、思想上一切的黑暗。”

请回答:

(1)材料一属于哪个学派的观点?根据材料,解释“和谐社会”的内涵。

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(2)材料二分别属于哪一政治派别的观点?代表人物有哪些?根据所学知识分析,他们对中国传统文化的态度有何不同?为什么?

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答案

(1)儒家;①人与人之间要互相友爱,尊重平等,和睦相处②人与自然要尊重自然科学规律,保护环境。

(2)资产阶级维新派、资产阶级激进派;康有为(梁启超、严复等)、陈独秀(李大钊、鲁迅、胡适);维新派借孔子的权威来宣传维新变法思想、激进派对传统文化全盘否定。维新变法时期由于我国民族资产阶级自身力量弱小,只能托古改制。新文化运动时期一方面由于儒家思想是维护封建统治的工具,另一方面由于激进派对传统文化缺乏理性认识。

单项选择题
单项选择题

Vienna was one of the music centers of Europe during the classical period, and Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven were all active there. As the (1) of the Holy Roman Empire (which included parts of present-day Austria, Germany, Italy, Hungary, Czech and Slovakia), it was a (2) cultural and commercial center (3) a cosmopolitan character. Its population of almost 250,000 (in 1800) made Vienna the fourth largest city in Europe. All three (4) masters were born elsewhere, but they were (5) to Vienna to study and to seek (6) . In Vienna, Haydn and Mozart became close friends and influenced each other’s musical (7) . Beethoven traveled to Vienna at sixteen to play for Mozart; at twenty-two, he returned to study with Haydn.

Aristocrats from all over the Empire spent the winter in Vienna, sometimes bringing their private (8) . Music was an important part of court life, and a good orchestra was a (9) of prestige. Many of the nobility were excellent musicians.

Much music was heard in (10) concerts where aristocrats and wealthy commoners played (11) professional musicians. Mozart and Beethoven often earned money by performing in these intimate concerts. The nobility (12) hired servants who could (13) as musicians. An advertisement in the Vienna Gazette of 1789 (14) : " Wanted, for a house of the gentry, a manservant who knows how to play the violin well. "

In Vienna there was also (15) music, light and popular in (16) . Small street bands of wind and string players played at garden parties or under the windows of people (17) to throw (18) money. Haydn and Mozart wrote many outdoor entertainment (19) , (20) they called divertimentos or serenades. Vienna’s great love of music and its enthusiastic demand for new works made it the chosen city of Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven.

15()

A.public

B.folk

C.bard

D.outdoor