问题 名词解释

黑水靺鞨

答案

参考答案:

隋唐时靺鞨七大部之一。分布于北至鄂霍茨克海,东临日本海,南以嫩江下游和松花江北地,沿松花江至依兰,再折而东北至海,与渤海相接,西以嫩江和精奇里江附近,与室韦毗邻。分十六部。唐武德五年(622),黑水部大莫弗瞒咄来长安,首次与唐通好。贞观十四年(640),以其地为黑水州。开元七年(719),置勃利(伯力)州。

十年,酋长倪属利稽朝唐,拜勃利州刺史。十四年,设黑水都督府,以其首领为都督。其余各部隶属于都督府,均改称为州,任命各部首领为刺史,派长史以监领之。

阅读理解

Life in space will certainly take some getting used to!But the space station has been designed to keep the astronauts as comfortable as possible—the modules(舱) are roomy,bright,and kept at a constant 70 degrees Fahrenheit.It’s important the crew members are comfortable because they’ll be busy aboard the station.In a typical workday,crew members will spend 14 hours working and exercising,1.5 hours preparing and eating meals,and 8.5 hours sleeping.Here are some other fun facts about life aboard the station:

Food

Come mealtime,astronauts will have a special dining kitchen.Space food just keeps getting better—and more like food we enjoy here on Earth.In early space missions,astronauts could eat only freeze­dried food that didn’t require any preparation.But the space station is equipped with water,microwave ovens,and refrigerators,allowing the folks on board to eat more “normal” types of food,including fruit,vegetables,and ice cream!

Sleep

Each crew member has a private room.With no gravity,they’ll need to tie themselves to their beds,or they will float away!That might sound like a strange way to sleep,but astronauts from past space missions report that sleeping in space is actually pretty great!

Exercise

You might not think it,but exercise is even more important on the station than it is on Earth.There is not much gravity in space.Astronauts don’t stand up,sit down or walk in space,so their muscles and bones don’t have to work much—and this muscle and bone loss can be dangerous back on Earth.To fight this,astronauts on the station will exercise on bikes,rowing machines,and other equipment about two hours every day.

Clothing

Astronauts will have to wear special space suits while traveling aboard the U.S.shuttle or Russian rockets.But once they’re safe inside the space station,crew members can wear regular clothing.Of course,a specially designed,pressurized space suit is required for space walks.It has to withstand(经受住) flying pieces and protect the astronauts from dramatic temperature changes.It can range from 120 degrees below Fahrenheit in the shadow of the station to 250 degrees in the hot sun.

Personal Cleanliness

Simple tasks like brushing your teeth can be challenging in a weightless environment.A little water doesn’t flow in a stream—it suspends in a bubble!Astronauts will use a freshwater hose(软管) to take showers,shampoo,and wash off—then a second vacuum hose to suction(吸) off the dirty water.And how do you go to the bathroom in space?With a special “air toilet” that uses flowing air instead of water to dispose of waste.

小题1:The facts about life in space are all mentioned EXCEPT ________.

A.clothing

B.entertainment

C.sleep

D.exercise小题2:What can be learned from the paragraph “Clothing”?

A.The temperature is quite different in different places in space.

B.Astronauts must wear special space suits all the time in space.

C.Astronauts can wear regular clothing for space walks now.

D.Astronauts wear pressurized space suits just to keep warm.小题3:Why is exercise more important in space than on earth?

A.It can make astronauts feel relaxed in space.

B.It can help astronauts spend their spare time happily.

C.Astronauts’ lives are more important in space than on earth.

D.It can prevent astronauts from causing muscle and bone loss.小题4:What do we know about space food from the text?

A.Astronauts could eat apples in space in the past.

B.Astronauts eat only fruit,vegetables and ice cream now.

C.Fresh food isn’t available to astronauts in space.

D.Space food is getting better now than before.

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