问题 单项选择题

某村在保护当地民族文化的同时,不断挖掘、开发民族文化资源,把一个普通的少数民族村寒建设成为一个生动展示少数民族生活善的“博物馆”和著名的旅游景区。民族文化资源的开发带动了当地经济的发展,村民的生活水平大幅度提高。从唯物主义观点看,该村取得成功的原因在于()

①因地制宜,将文化保护与文化资源开发结合起来

②将客观条件与发展目标一起作为工作的出发点

③发挥主观能动性,超越客观条件和规律的制约

④根据规律发生作用的条件和形式正确利用规律

A.①②

B.①④

C.②③

D.③④

答案

参考答案:B

解析:

该村在保护当地民族文化的同时,不断挖掘、开发民族文化资源,注重文化保护与文化资源开发相结合,①正确;该村的成功,是从本地实际出发,充分利用规律的结果,④正确。尊重客观规律,一切从实际出发是一切工作的出发点,②说法错误;尊重客观规律和发挥主观能动性要相结合,③“超越客观条件和规律的制约”说法错误。该题选B。

考点:规律与人的主观能动性

单项选择题

Dogs are constantly learning from the reaction of human owners, picking up facial cues and anticipating their owner’s behavior, a new research suggests. The findings, published online in the journal Learning and Behavior, show that dogs essentially are always in training, and help explain how many owners unknowingly teach and reward their dog’s bad behavior.

Research conducted at the University of Florida focused on the role of eye contact and facial cues in influencing canine behavior. Earlier studies have suggested that dogs seem to know when they are being watched and even wait to perform forbidden behavior like digging in the garden when they know their owners aren’t looking. In this study, researchers studied how human cues triggered begging behavior among 35 pet dogs, 18 shelter dogs and 8 wolves raised in captivity. First the animals were taught that the human strangers helping with the experiment were reliable sources of tasty treats. The testers stood close together and called to the animal, and both offered rewards of Spam cubes or Beggin’ Strips treats.

After four rewards, the experiment began. Two testers stood against a fence or wall, about 20 feet apart and with food in their pockets. The dog was held about 20 feet away, equidistant from both testers. In one condition, one tester faced the dog while the other turned her back. In another, a tester held a book near her face, while the other tester held the book in front of her face, as if she were reading. In a third condition, one tester held a bucket near the shoulder, while the other put the bucket over her head, blocking her eyes.

Then, both testers called out to the dogs. All the animals—pet dogs, shelter dogs and wolves—ignored the person whose back was turned and sought food from the person who was looking at them. "The question was, are dogs and wolves responsive to a human’s attentional state" said Monique Udell, an assistant professor of psychology at Flagler College, Fla. But when the testers held books, it was only the domestic dogs who avoided the person who appeared to be reading the book. "In a house where they’re used to people reading books, they are sensitive to those types of cues," said Dr. Udell. Interestingly, in the bucket experiment, the animals, for the most part, were equally likely to seek food from the person with the bucket over her head as the person holding the bucket.

The experiment shows that dogs are tuned into whether humans are paying attention. "Dogs don’t have to read our minds. Dogs read our behavior," said Dr. Udell. Pet owners often get frustrated with bad dog behavior without realizing that they themselves have reinforced it, either by giving the dog a treat when they beg, skipping a bath when they protest or letting them sleep on the bed or couch.

The best title for the text is()

A. Your Dog Is Watching You

B. Dogs Are More Intelligent Than You Think

C. Dogs Are the Greatest Cheaters of the World

D. Dogs Are Often Taught to Perform Forbidden Behavior

单项选择题