问题 选择题

图是某住宅建筑冬夏至日正午太阳光照示意图,据此完成题

小题1:如果图示时刻是北京时间12点16分,且∠а的数值为26034′,那么该地的经纬度是(  )

A.1160E 400N

B.1100E 400S

C.1200E 400N

D.1240E 300N小题2:下列关于图中太阳光照的说法,正确的是(  )

A.该地夏至日的正午太阳高度值是(26034′+а)

B.图中地区太阳高度角越小,日照时间越长

C.从冬至日到夏至日,射入屋内的光照面积增大

D.若在该房屋的南面造一同样高(高为h)的房屋, 从采光角度看,两座房屋的楼间距至少为h/tanа

答案

小题1:A

小题2:D

题目分析:

小题1:如果图示时刻是北京时间12点16分,即1200E的地方时为12点16分,而图示为正午太阳光照示意图,即该地经度对应的地方时为12点,时间差16分钟,经度差40,根据东加西减的原则,判断该地的经度是1160E。从太阳相对于住宅的方位可以判断出,该地位于北半球,该地冬至日的正午太阳高度为a,设该地纬度为X,则90o-(X+23026′)=a=26034′,计算得出X=400,这样本题选A。

小题2:由于该地纬度为400N,故该地夏至日的正午太阳高度值是900-(400-23026′)=73026′;图中地区太阳高度角越小,日照时间越短;从冬至日到夏至日,射入屋内的光照面积在减小;若在该房屋的南面造一同样高(高为h)的房屋, 从采光角度看,两座房屋的楼间距为h/tanа。

点评:本题难度较大,解答本题的关键是根据正午太阳高度的计算公式、地方时的计算方法来求该地对应的地理坐标。

单项选择题

Young girls at high risk for depression appear to have a malfunctioning reward system in their brains, a new study suggests. The finding comes from research that (1) a high-risk group of 13 girls, aged 10 to 14, who were not depressed but had mothers who (2) recurrent depression and a low-risk group of 13 girls with no (3) or family history of depression. Both groups were given MRI brain (4) while completing a task that could (5) either reward or punishment.

(6) with girls in the low-risk group, those in the high-risk group had (7) neural responses during both anticipation and receipt of the reward. (8) , the high-risk girls showed no (9) in an area of the brain called the dorsal anterior cingulated cortex (背侧前扣带皮质), believed to play a role in (10) past experiences to assist learning.

The high-risk girls did have greater activation of this brain area (11) receiving punishment, compared with the other girls. The researchers said that this suggests that high-risk girls have easier time (12) information about loss and punishment than information about reward and pleasure.

"Considered together with reduced activation in the striatal (纹状体的) areas commonly observed (13) reward, it seems that the reward-processing system is critically (14) in daughters who are at elevated risk for depression, (15) they have not yet experienced a depressive (16) ," wrote Ian H. Gotlib, of Stanford University, and his colleagues. " (17) , longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether the anomalous activations (18) in this study during the processing of (19) and losses are associated with the (20) onset of depression," they concluded. The study was published in the April of the Archives of General Psychiatry.

19()

A.criticisms

B.punishments

C.rewards

D.allowances

单项选择题 B型题