问题 单项选择题 案例分析题

者,女,19岁。反复发作呼吸困难、胸闷、咳嗽2年,每年秋、冬季发作,可自行缓解,此次已发作半天症状仍继续加重而来就诊。体检:双肺满布哮鸣音,心率90次/分,律齐,无杂音。

该患者的治疗应选用的药物为()

A.β受体激动剂

B.β受体阻滞剂

C.α受体激动剂

D.α受体阻滞剂

E.抗生素类药物

答案

参考答案:A

解析:考虑患者为哮喘急性发作期重度。支气管哮喘急性发作期重度至危重度的治疗:①糖皮质激素是治疗重症哮喘的有力措施。一般用琥珀酸氢化可的松或用甲基强的松龙分次静脉滴注;②平喘药物:重症哮喘吸入和口服药物疗效很差,应静脉滴注平喘药物。常用氨茶碱加在葡萄糖液中静滴,亦可用特布他林加在生理盐水中缓慢静脉滴注;③氧疗:重症哮喘一般应经鼻导管吸氧,氧疗无效者可考虑面罩通气治疗;④纠正水电解质紊乱和酸碱平衡;⑤控制感染;⑥机械辅助通气应用。亚胺培南为β-内酰胺类抗生素。3.重度至危重度的治疗:糖皮质激素是治疗重症哮喘的有力措施。一般用琥珀酸氢化可的松,每日300~600mg,分次静脉滴注。或用甲基泼尼松龙每日120~240mg,分次静脉滴注。重症哮喘吸入和口服药物疗效很差,应静脉滴注平喘药物。常用氨茶碱0.25~0.5g加在葡萄糖液250~500ml中静滴,每日2次。亦可用特布他林0.25mg加在生理盐水100ml中缓慢静脉滴注,每8小时1次。此外,还需氧疗、纠正水电解质紊乱和酸碱平衡、控制感染、机械辅助通气应用等治疗措施。(27~29共用题干)男,37岁。自幼起咳嗽、咳痰、喘息,多为受凉后发作,静滴"青霉素"可缓解,10~20岁无发作,20岁后又有1次大发作,发作时大汗淋漓、全身发紫、端坐不能平卧,肺部可闻及哮鸣音,静脉推注"氨茶碱、地塞米松"可完全缓解。自后反复出现夜间轻微喘息,每周发作3次以上,不能入睡,PEF变异率为35%。查体:双肺听诊未闻及干湿啰音,心率89次/分。

单项选择题 A3/A4型题
阅读理解

阅读理解

     I was reading these intriguing stories behind a group of great logos in the world. Personally Nike is my

favorite one-it's so simple. And I liked the stories behind them, which made me forget all other things.

McDonald's, Apple, Mercedes Benz and Adidas own great logos as well, and they are among my very

favorites.

     Nike

     In the Greek myth, Nike is the goddess of victory and the source of inspiration  for  soldiers. This  

logo represents the wing in the famous statue of the Greek goddess. Nike's logo was designed by

Carolyn Davidson in 1971 for $35, and was registered as a trademark in 1995.

     McDonald's

     The logo was designed in 1962 by Jim Schindler  to  resemble  the  archshaped  signs  on  the  side

  of  the company's then walkup hamburger stand. Later on, the two golden arches were combined

together to form the M. The McDonald's name was added to the logo in 1968.

     Apple

     There  are  different  stories  behind Apple's logo. The first logo was a reference to the religious

story of Adam and Eve, in which the apple represented the fruit of the Tree of Knowledge. One year

later, the second logo was designed in 1977 by Steve Jobs and Ronald Wayne, and it described Sir

Isaac Newton sitting under an apple tree. This logo didn't stay long. One year later it was replaced

almost immediately by graphic designer Rob Janoff's "rainbow apple", a rainbowcolored silhouette(轮廓)

of an  apple with a bite taken out of it. And then the rainbowcolored apple was replaced by the

onecolored logo in 1998. It has not been changed so far.

     Mercedes Benz

     The Mercedes Benz logo, which was originally created by Gottlieb Daimler in 1909, consists of a

simple description of a threepointed star that represents its rule of the land, the sea and the air. The

company was founded by Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach. Marcedes is the name of Maybach's

elder daughter, while Benz came as a result of a combination with Benz, Cie. and DMG in 1926.

     Adidas

     The  Adidas  logo, which  was created by the founder of the company Adi Dassler, represents

mountains, pointing towards the challenges that are seen ahead and goals that can be achieved. The logo

was used for the first time in 1967.

1. What does the author think of the stories of the great logos?

A. They are boring.

B. They are out of date.

C. They are attractive.

D. They are practical.

2. What does Nike's logo stand for?

A. The goddess of victory.

B. The source of inspiration for soldiers.

C. The statue of the Greek goddess.

D. The wing of the Greek goddess.

3. We can learn that Apple's present logo is ________.

A. the religious story of Adam and Eve

B. a bitten apple with only one color

C. Newton's sitting under an apple tree

D. the rainbowcolored bitten apple

4. Which of the following time orders describes the births of the great logos?

A. Mercedes Benz-McDonald's-Nike-Apple

B. Nike-McDonald's-Apple-Mercedes Benz

C. McDonald's-Apple-Nike-Mercedes Benz

D. Nike-Mercedes Benz-McDonald's-Apple