问题 填空题

某温带草原里有鸟、昆虫、猫头鹰、蟾蜍和鼠、蛇等6种动物,它们相互间的关系如图,请据图回答问题:

(1)此生态系统有______条食物链.占有2个或2个以上的营养级的生物有______.

(2)若能量转化率为15%,那么流入猫头鹰体内能量最少的那条食物链是______.

(3)蛇和猫头鹰之间的关系是______.

(4)鼠和草在结构层次上的主要区别是______.

答案

(1)食物链是指消费者和生产者之间吃和被吃的关系,此题主要考查食物链的书写方法.按照摄食顺序排列各种生物,典型的食物链通常是从生产者开始,经草食动物,再到肉食动物,终点则是不被其他动物所食的动物,即最高营养级.草原生态系统中生活着草、食草昆虫、食虫鸟、青蛙、鼠、蛇和鹰等生物.图中的食物链有:草→昆虫→蟾蜍→蛇→猫头鹰;草→鼠→蛇→猫头鹰;草→鼠→猫头鹰;草→昆虫→鸟→猫头鹰;草→鸟→猫头鹰,共5条食物链.营养级别主要看它所在的营养级,生产者植物是第一个营养级,直接吃生产者的初级消费者动物是第二个营养级,吃初级消费者的动物是第三个营养级,…;在占有2个或2个以上的营养级的生物是位于不同的食物链,且营养级别不同.如:在食物链:草→昆虫→鸟→猫头鹰中鸟是第三营养级,而在食物链:草→鸟→猫头鹰,鸟是第二营养级;在食物链:草→昆虫→蟾蜍→蛇→猫头鹰中蛇是第四营养级,而在食物链:草→鼠→蛇→猫头鹰中蛇是第三营养级;在食物链:草→昆虫→蟾蜍→蛇→猫头鹰中猫头鹰是第五营养级,在草→鼠→蛇→猫头鹰中猫头鹰是第四营养级,在草→鼠→猫头鹰中猫头鹰是第三营养级,在草→昆虫→鸟→猫头鹰中猫头鹰是第四营养级;在草→鸟→猫头鹰中猫头鹰是第三营养级.因此占有2个或2个以上的营养级的生物有鸟、蛇、猫头鹰.

(2)生态系统中的能量流动的特点是:单向流动,逐级递减.由于生物自身的呼吸消耗,以及植物的残枝落叶和动物的骨骼、皮毛等难以被下一个营养级的生物利用,造成了能量在沿着食物链流动的过程中是逐级递减的.一般地说,再输入到下一个营养级的能量中,只有10%~20%的能量能够流入下一个营养级.在一个生态系统中,营养级越多,在能量流动中消耗的能量就越多,所以流入猫头鹰体内能量最少的那条食物链是最长的那条食物链,即:草→昆虫→蟾蜍→蛇→猫头鹰

(3)蛇和猫头鹰之间,猫头鹰吃蛇,是为了获取食物,属于捕食关系;同时蛇和猫头鹰都吃鼠,相互争夺食物,属于竞争关系.因此,蛇和猫头鹰之间的关系是捕食和竞争.

(4)鼠属于动物,动物体的结构层次:细胞→组织→器官→系统→动物体.草属于植物,绿色开花植物体的结构层次是:细胞→组织→器官→个体.因此,鼠和草在结构层次上的主要区别是鼠多了系统这个结构层次.

故答案为:

(1)5;鸟、蛇、猫头鹰;

(2)草→昆虫→蟾蜍→蛇→猫头鹰;

(3)捕食和竞争;

(4)鼠多了系统这个结构层次.

阅读理解

第三部分:阅读理解(共2节,满分35分)

第一节:阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑(共15小题,每小题2分,满分30分).

ARGENTINA’S new government faced public anger over its recent decision to greatly reduce the dollar value of its citizens’ bank savings. More than two-thirds of Argentine bank savings were in US dollars. The country’s recession (衰退),which is in its fourth year, has left a third of Argentine’s 36 million people in poverty.

A few angry people took the streets on January 21, beating pots and pans in protest. And a group of unemployed Argentines demanding jobs blocked a major highway into Argentina’s capital city, Buenos Aires.

Argentines fear they could lose up to half the dollar value of their savings. Some on the street said the country’s fifth president in the past month has already failed them.

After three weeks in power, President Eduardo Duhalde has broken his first and biggest promise. He said he would return people’s savings in the currency in which were deposited(开户). Duhalde aims to make exports more competitive. But this is expected to have a serious effect on ordinary families, for the simple reason that in Argentine, 80 percent of loans and mortgages(抵押) are in dollars. The government froze all the bank savings made in dollars, worth US$45 billion in total to stop a run on banks. This cause huge street protest earlier this month and contributed to the downfall of two governments. “Most of my life savings were just taken away from me, “ said Jose, a 38-year-old citizen. “I was going to move to Italy but now I can’t because my money is trapped here. Argentina is like a prison.”

The government loosened the new banking rules a little bit on January 17. However, people still don’t have free access to their bank account. They are only allowed to take out rapidly devaluing pesos, even though their savings are in US dollars.

The banking controls will remain in place for about three months, with a few exceptions for the elderly or people with sever illnesses who need crash.

56. How many people have been left in poverty because of Argentina’s economic recession?

A. all Argentines people                             B. 24 million people

C. 12 million people                                 D. 36 million people

57. What cause Argentines to protest in the streets earlier this month?

Argentina’s economic recession.

Argentina’s new government made its people angry.

Argentina’s government froze all the bank savings made in US dollars.

Two of Argentina’s governments failed to make exports more competitive.

58. What does the sentence… my money is trapped here” mean_____?

My bank savings have been frozen by the government.

I don’t want to take my money away.

I don’t have any money in the bank.

My money has been taken by the Italian government.

59. According to the article, which of the following sentences is correct?

people can get their money from the bank freely.

People are only allowed to get US dollars from the bank.

The government will only allow people to get pesos from the bank.

The banking controls will loosen a little in three months’ time.

60. Argentines cannot get US dollars from the bank unless they are_____.

A. ordinary people                             B. rich or government officials

C. poor people                                          D. old or seriously ill

单项选择题