问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文章,完成文后各题

说“帘”

陈从周

初夏天气,窗前挂上了竹帘,小斋的境界,分外地感到幽绝,瓶花妥贴,十分宜人。这小天地起了变化。还不是这帘在起左右吧!

说起帘,这在中国建筑中起着神秘作用的东西,说得率直点,是增添了所谓诗情画意,而诗情画意又非千篇一律,真是变化无端。上个月老妻去世了,“碧楼帘影不透愁,还是去年今日意”。去年的今日,她卧病家中,而今日已是人去楼空,我踏入她的卧室,见了帘影依然,就呤出了古人这句词来。

帘在建筑中起“隔“的作用,且是隔中有透,实中有虚,静中有动,因此帘后美人,帘底纤月,帘掩佳人,帘卷西风,隔帘双燕,掀帘出台,等等,没有一件不教人遐思,引人入画。

记得在“ * * “中失去的数十封女作家凌叔华写给徐志摩的信,是用荣宝斋特制的花笺。画的是帘影双燕,毛笔小楷出之,文情令人魂销。当年的作家们是如昆高雅绝俗,而今事隔几十年,她远客英伦,八十多岁的老人提起此事,还分明记得呢!

“垂帘无个事,抱膝看屏山“,古人在建筑中,帘与屏两者常放在一起,都是起不同的“隔”的妙用。帘呢?更是灵活了,廊子里、窗上、门上、室内,有了它,就不一样,慈禧太后垂帘听政,也是装上帘;外国妇女的面纱,也仿佛是帘。因帘而产生了许多故事:“珠帘寨”、“水帘洞”。以及一些因帘而产生的许多韵事,真是洋洋大观。我说,帘与恋音同,帘者恋也,因物生情,也可说是帘的妙解了。

“隔帘双燕飞”,是我在儿时最爱欣赏的画本。如今城市空气污染,燕子绝迹了,闷人的塑料窗帘,清风畏至。而帘呢?珠帘太豪华,徐森玉老先生告诉我,清代的山西老财家,还是用它。水晶帘没有见到过,那最细的要算虾须帘。如今已入著名博物馆。单就湘帘、珠帘来说,通风好,隔景好,帘影好,遮阳好,留香好,而且分外雅洁……几乎好说有帘如无帘,可说是有景与无景,静止的环境,产生了动态,而动态又因声、光、影、风、香……起子千变万化的幻境。叹为妙用啊!

帘的美,还要配合着帘钩、帘架,“百尺虾须上玉钩”,虽未说出什么帘架,想来也不会太寒酸的。至于“草色入帘青”,疏帘听雨,那也必然是很雅洁的竹帘了。“珠帘暮卷西山雨”,只能在滕王阁上方得体。帘上绣花的绣帘,缺少空透,棉帘、布帘,只求实用。而帘上画画称画帘,但我总不太欣赏它,似乎多此一举,用假景来扰乱真情了。素帘起的变化,那真是移步换影了。

贝聿铭香山饭店设计建成,邀我小住,窗上装有竹帘,这迷人的山居,添上这迷人的帘影,不愧为出于大师手笔,他对中国文化是有浓厚的感情,小至一帘,也不肯轻易放过。我在录音机中放出了昆曲《琴桃》,华文漪的那句“帘卷残荷水殿风”唱词,正仿佛帘动风来,客中寻趣,我则得之了。

今日的建筑师、园林师拉,似乎将帘已抛出九霄云外了。我总感到中国人的用帘,不仅仅是一个功能的问题,它还蕴藏着深厚的文化在内

小题1:作者笔下“帘”的特点体现在哪里?请简要说出三条。(不超过15字)

小题2:作者为什么说“中国人的用帘……蕴藏着浓厚的文化在内”根据文意,加以阐释。

小题3:本文多处援引古诗句,试分析其表达效果。

小题4:说说第二段引用“碧楼帘影不透愁,还是去年今日意”两句词,表达了作者怎样的思想感情。

答案

小题:增添诗情画意  隔中有透、雅致  因物生情。

小题:(1)帘符合中国人的审美趣味;(2)历史上有着许多与帘有关的故事传说;(3)要求建筑师、园林师重视用帘背后的文化意蕴。

小题:(1)形象表现帘千变万化的特点;(2)凸现诗情画意(3)使文章富于深厚的文化底蕴。

小题:流露出物是人非的愁思,表达了作者对老妻去世的伤感之情。

 

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单项选择题

Almost every day the media discovers an African American community fighting some form of environmental threat from land fills, garbage dumps, petrochemical plants, refineries, bus depots, and the list goes on. For years, residents watched helplessly as their communities became dumping grounds.
But citizens didn’t remain silent for long. Local activists have been organizing under the mantie of environmental justice since as far back as 1968. More than three decades ago, the concept of environmental justice had not registered on the radar screens of many environmental or civil rights groups. But environmental justice fits squarely under the civil rights umbrella. It should not be forgotten that Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. went to Memphis on an environmental and economic justice mission in 1968, seeking support for striking garbage workers who were underpaid and whose basic duties exposed them to environmentally hazardous conditions.
In 1979, a landmark environmental discrimination lawsuit filed in Houston, followed by similar litigation efforts in the 1980s, rallied activists to stand up to corporations and demand government intervention.
In 1991, a new breed of environmental activists gathered in Washington, D.C. , to bring national attention to pollution problems threatening low-income and minority communities. Leaders introduced the concept of environmental justice, protesting that Black, poor and working-class communities often received less environmental protection than White or more affluent communities. The first National People of Color Environmental Leadership Summit effectively broadened what "the environment" was understood to mean. It expanded the definition to include where we live, work, play, worship and go to school, as well as the physical and natural world. In the process, the environmental justice movement changed the way environmentalism is practiced in the United States and, ultimately, worldwide.
Because many issues identified at the inaugural summit remain unaddressed, the second National People of Color Environmental Leadership Summit was convened in Washington, D.C. , this past October. The second summit was planned for 500 delegates ; but more than 1,400 people attended the four-day gathering.
"We are pleased that the Summit Ⅱ was able to attract a record number of grassroots activists, academicians, students, researchers, planners, policy analysts and government officials. We proved to the world that our movement is alive and well, and growing," says Beverly Wright, chair of the summit. The meeting produced two dozen policy papers that show powerful environmental and health disparities between people of color and Whites.

The word "intervention" underlined in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______.

A.interposition

B.participation

C.involvement

D.management

单项选择题