问题 问答题 论述题

“豆豆14个月时会当着很多大人和小孩的面,跟着“小螺号”的调子开心地边唱边跳,可是24个月时,他跳了几步就会停下,并且用手遮住脸”。为什么豆豆的行为会有如此的改变?对此豆豆父母应取怎样的反应方式和评价方式?

答案

参考答案:

从2岁末期到整个3岁期间,幼儿开始表现出一系列中等水平的、复杂的情绪,如窘迫感、羞耻感、内疚感、嫉妒和自豪等。这些自我意识的情绪源自自我的发展,并会对幼儿的自我评价产生积极的或消极的影响。当24个月的豆豆被要求在陌生人面前炫耀自己的才能(如唱歌跳舞)时,就会有明显的窘迫感。自我意识情绪与婴儿的认知发展水平有关,当婴儿能认识自己(自我的产生),认识到评价自己的行为及评价的规则和标准时,其他的自我意识情绪,如羞耻感、与评价有关的窘迫感,以及内疚感和自豪感等就会相继出现。父母的教养方式、对孩子的评价和反应方式会影响孩子自我意识情绪的发展。父母会影响孩子的自豪感和羞愧感。儿童所表现出的自豪感和羞愧感的数量极大地依赖于母亲对他们表现的反应。

如果父母更强调消极的评价,在孩子失败时批评他们,那么,这些儿童在失败时就会表现出更多的羞愧感,而在成功时表现出较少的自豪感。因此,豆豆的父母应强调积极评价:在孩子成功时进行表扬,那么,他就在成功时表现出更多的自豪感,而在失败时表现出较少的羞愧感。儿童最初的自我评价只是反映了父母或其他重要人物对他们的评价,所以,父母的反应方式和评价方式影响了孩子自豪感、羞愧感或内疚感等自我意识情绪的发展。

阅读理解
Traditional Chinese festivals are now getting their own logos(标识).Here’re logos for China’s seven important traditional festivals.

Chunjie, Spring Festival, China’s lunar new year, is the most important of the traditional Chinese holidays. People usually get together, watch fireworks and the lion dance, eat dumplings and put on new clothes. They pay New Year calls to their relatives and friends. Children usually get red packets.

Yuanxiao, Lantern Festival is on the 15th day of the first month in the Chinese calendar. People watch lanterns and eat sweet dumplings.

Qixi, the Night of Sevens is on the seventh day of the seventh month in the Chinese calendar. It’s Chinese version(版本)of Valentine’s Day(情人节).

Qingming, Tomb-Sweeping Festival is around April 5.People from home and abroad go to the graves(墓)of the dead in memory of(纪念)them.

Zhongqiu, Mid-Autumn Festival, is on the 15th day of the eighth month in the Chinese calendar. Families enjoy moon cakes and tell the story of  Chang’e.

Duanwu, Dragon Boat Festival is on the fifth day of the fifth month in the Chinese calendar. People eat rice dumplings and remember the poet Qu Yuan.

Chongyang, Double Ninth Festival is on the ninth day of the ninth month in the Chinese calendar. It’s the date to pay respect(尊敬)to the old.
 
小题1:Mid-Autumn Festival is ________ in the Chinese calendar.
A.on 15th of AugustB.on 7th of July
C.on 15th of JanuaryD.on 5th of May
小题2:What do Chinese people eat at Dragon Boat Festival?
A.Dumplings.B.Moon cakes.
C.Rice dumplings.D.Sweet dumplings.
小题3:Chinese version of Valentine’s Day is ________.
A.Lantern FestivalB.the Night of Sevens
C.Spring FestivalD.Tomb-Sweeping Festival
小题4:At Tomb-Sweeping Festival, people go to the graves in memory of ________.
A.Qu YuanB.the elderlyC.Chang’eD.the dead
小题5:At Double Ninth Festival, what do people usually do?
A.They watch lanterns.B.They pay respect to old people.
C.They visit their relatives.D.They get together to tell stories.
论述题