阅读理解。
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。注意：每空
格1个单词。
Quality after-school programs are designed to improve academic performance, decrease youth crimes and
other high-risk behaviors, and help young people grow into healthy, successful adults.
The effect of quality after-school programs on academic performance is clear. Studies show that students
who take part in such programs show better work habits, higher rates of homework completion, improved
grades, and higher scores on achievement tests. They also have fewer absences and are less likely to blame.
After-school programs also influence high-risk teen behavior. Various studies show decreased rates of crime,
drug use, and teen sex among youth who join in well-run after-school programs when compared to similar
youth who do not. Finally, after-school programs play an important role in supporting the following fields of
development: physical development, mental development and social development. Thus, one can safely say that
after-school programming is an effective method to help young people become contributing members of society.
Although there is enough proof from both small and large assessments that after-school programs can make
a positive difference, it is important to note that not all programs are equal. First, dosage (时量) matters-young
people who attend the most hours over the most years benefit more than members who attend less often or
over a shorter period of time. Next, after-school programs make bigger difference for those students who need
help most and have the fewest choices. Finally, program qualities matter. After-school programs work best
when they create unique opportunities for youth. They should provide opportunities for positive relationships,
skill building, meaningful involvement (参与), expression, suggestion, service, and work. Staff characteristics
make an important difference in the quality of a program. The adults should treat youth as partners, create safe
and fair environments, encourage personalized (个性化的) involvement, and actively create learning
opportunities. In short, although after-school programs have promising future, how they are designed and run
matters.
