问题 问答题 简答题

土地使用权出让有哪些基本特征?

答案

参考答案:

(1)土地使用权的出让是以土地使用权和所有权的分离为基础,国家作为土地所有者的地位不变,而土地使用权受让人取得一种独立的财产权利,包括所有权中占有、使用、收益和一定程度的处分权(如土地使用权转让、出租、抵押等),出让土地使用权是一种与土地所有权相分离的独立物权,不同于所有权中单纯的使用权能。

(2)过于土地使用权出让由政府垄断。土地使用权出让只能是国有土地,土地使用权出让方只能是市、县(市)人民政府的土地管理部门,其他任何部门、单位、个人不得实施土地出让行为。

(3)土地使用权的出让是有年限限制的,土地使用者享有土地使用权的期限以出让合同中约定为限,但不得超过法律规定的最高出让年限。

(4)土地使用权出让是有偿的,受让方获得一定年限的土地使用权是以向出让人支付“出让金”为代价,一般在出让合同签订后的法定期限内,由受让方向出让方一次性支付或法定期限内,由受让方向出让方一次性支付或法定期限内分期支付。

(5)土地使用权的出让是土地使用权作为商品进入市场流通的第一步,反映作为土地所有者的国家与土地使用者之间的商品经济关系。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Why did the chicken cross the road? To get to the other side.

     Most people know this joke. But recently, some people have been much more worried about how

the grizzly bear and mountain lion can cross the road.

     "Millions of animals die each year on U.S. roads," the Federal Highway Administration reports.  In

fact, o nly about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today. The main reason? Roadkill.

     "Eco-passages" may help animals cross the road without being hit by cars. They are paths both over

and under roads. "These eco-passages can be extremely useful, so that wildlife can avoid road

accidents," said Jodi Hilty of the Wildlife Protection Society.

     But do animals actually use the eco-passages? The answer is yes. Paul Beier of Northern Arizona

University found foot marks left by mountain lions on an eco-passage that went under a highway.  This

showed that the lions used the passage.

     Builders of eco-passages try to make them look like a natural part of an area by planting trees on and

around them. Animals seem to be catching on. Animals like salamanders(火蜥蜴) and grizzly bears are

using the bridges and underpasses.

     The next time you visit a park or drive through an area with a lot of wildlife, look around. You might

see an animal overpass!

1. The writer uses the example of "ocelots" to show that _______. 

A. wild animals have become more dangerous

B. the driving condition has improved greatly

C. the measure for protecting wildlife fails to work

D. an increasing number of animals are killed in road accidents

2. From the story, we know an eco-passage is ________.  

A. an underground path for cars

B. a fence built for the safety of the area

C. a bridge for animals to get over a river

D. a path for animals to cross the road

3. When the writer says that "animals seem to be catching on"(Para. 6), he means __. 

A. animals begin to realize the dangers on the road 

B. animals begin to learn to use eco-passages

C. animals are crossing the road in groups       

D. animals are increasing in number

4. The writer asks visitors and drivers to look around when traveling because _____.

A. wild animals may attack cars

B. wild animals may jam the road

C. they may see wild animals in the park

D. they may see wild animals on eco-passages

5. The best title for the passage is ________. 

A. Special bridges help animals cross the road

B. Endangered animals increase because of roadkill

C. Animals fail to cross the road

D. Take steps to protect animals in danger

阅读理解

The sound of a mosquito can mean trouble in many parts of the world. The bite of the mosquito can be deadly. The insects carry serious diseases like malaria. It is estimated that almost 630,000 people died from malaria and malaria-related causes in 2012, and most of these cases were in African countries.

In the United States, a group of California scientists is working to develop a more effective and less costly substance(物质)to protect people from mosquitoes. The researchers are investigating the sense of smell in mosquitoes. They found the insects use the same receptor(感受器)for identifying carbon dioxide in human breath as they do for the smell of our skin. Anandasankar Ray, who is leading the investigation, says scientists tested more than a million chemical compounds(化合物)until they found a substance called Ethyl pyruvate. He says Ethyl pyruvate makes the mosquitoes' receptor inactive. ”When we apply Ethyl pyruvate to a human arm and offer it to hungry mosquitoes in a cage, very few of the mosquitoes are attracted to the human arm because only a few of them are able to smell it out,” said Ray.

Genevieve Tauxe, a member of the research team, says it was not easy to find the neurons (神经元)of nose cells that recognise both the smell of human breath and skin. "With the device used to examine mosquitoes, we are able to insert a very small electrode(电极)into the part of the mosquitoes' nose, where its smelling neurons are and where the smell is happening," said Tauxe.

Anandasankar Ray says a product based on Ethyl pyruvate may cost less to produce than DEFT,the most effective chemical treatment now in use. He says DEFT is too costly for most people who live in areas affected by malaria.

“Perhaps by finding smells that can attack other target receptors, we will be able to improve upon DEFT and finally have the next generation of insect behavior control products," said Ray.

小题1:The best title for the passage is most probably _______________________________.

A.Scientists Find New Substance to Fight Mosquitoes

B.A New Generation of DEET Has Been Developed to Kill Mosquitoes

C.Malaria一a Serious Disease Causing 630,000 Deaths

D.Ethyl Pyruvate一an Insect Behavior Control Product小题2:According to the passage, Ethyl Pyruvate can_______________________________.

A.kill the mosquitoes' smelling neurons

B.cause the mosquitoes to lose their sense of smell

C.result in the inactiveness of the mosquitoes' receptor

D.make the mosquitoes uninterested in human breath and skin smell小题3:Through the passage, the writer aims to_______________________________.

A.inform readers of the new development in fighting mosquitoes

B.praise the achievements made in the battle against malaria

C.introduce a cheaper product in fighting mosquitoes

D.tell the differences between Ethyl Pyruvate and DEET小题4:This passage most probably appears in_______________________________.

A.the column of newspaper ads

B.the health column of a magazine

C.a textbook of medical schools

D.a collection of doctors' essays