Ravi, like many project (1) , had studied the waterfall model of software development as the primary software life-cycle (2) . He has all set to use it for an upcoming project, his first assignment. However, Ravi found that the waterfall model could not be used because the customer wanted the software delivered in stages, something that implied that the system had to be delivered and built in (3) and not as (4) . The situation in many other projects is not very different. The real world rarely presents a problem in which a standard process, or the process used in a previous project, is the best choice. To be the most situation, an existing process must be (5) to the new problem. A development process, even after tailoring, generally cannot handle change requests. To accommodate change requests without losing control of the project, you must supplement the development process with a requirement change management process.
空白（4）处应选择（）
A.parts
B.modules
C.software
D.awhole
参考答案：D
解析：
参考译文：和许多项目经理一样，Ravi研究了作为主要软件生命周期过程的瀑布模型。他打算在首个任务，也就是即将开始的项目中使用瀑布模型。但是，他发现瀑布模型不能满足要求，原因是客户希望软件分阶段交付，也就意味着系统必须一部分一部分地交付和构建，而不是作为一个整体进行。这种情况在很多其他项目中也类似。现实世界中，很难有一种标准的过程或在前期的项目中使用的过程作为目前项目的最佳选择。对于大部分情况，必须对已存在的过程进行调整，以适应新的问题。但是，即使经过调整，一个开发过程也很难处理变化的需求。为了适应变化的需求而不失去对项目的控制，你必须用需求变更管理过程从而对开发过程进行补充。