问题 填空题

某混合物的水溶液,可能含有以下离子中的若干种:K+、Al3+、Fe3+、Mg2+、Ba2+、NH4+、Cl-、CO32-、SO42-,现分别取100mL的两等份溶液进行如下实验:

①第一份加过量NaOH溶液后加热,收集到0.02mol气体,无沉淀生成,同时得到溶液甲。

②向甲溶液中通入过量CO2,生成白色沉淀,沉淀经过滤、洗涤、灼烧后,得到1.02g固体。

③第二份加足量BaCl2溶液后,生成白色沉淀,沉淀经足量盐酸洗涤、干燥后,得到11.65g固体。

依据实验回答下列问题:

(1)由①可知存在的离子为       ,浓度是      mol·L-1

由②可知存在的离子为       ,浓度是      mol·L-1

由③可知存在的离子为       ,浓度是      mol·L-1

(2)该溶液中一定不存在的离子是            (填离子符号)。

(3)某同学通过分析认为该溶液中一定存在K+,他的理由是              

答案

(共10分)(1)NH4+  0.2;Al3+  0.2 ; SO42-  0.5 (每空1分,共6分)

(2)Fe3+、Mg2+、Ba2+、CO32-(2分)

(3)已知的NH4+、Al3+的正电荷总量小于SO42-负电荷总量 ,依据电荷守恒,一定有K+存在(2分)

题目分析:(1)第一份加过量NaOH溶液后加热,收集到0.02mol气体,这说明生成的气体一定是氨气,物质的量是0.02mol,因此移一定含有NH4+。根据原则守恒可知,浓度NH4+是0.02mol÷0.1L=0.2mol/L。无沉淀生成,同时得到溶液甲,这说明一定没有Fe3+、Mg2+。向甲溶液中通入过量CO2,生成白色沉淀,沉淀经过滤、洗涤、灼烧后,得到1.02g固体。因此该白色沉淀只能是氢氧化铝,即甲溶液中中含有偏铝酸钠,所以原溶液中含有Al3+,有Al3+,就一定没有CO32-。根据原则守恒可知,Al3+浓度是=0.2mol/L。第二份加足量BaCl2溶液后,生成白色沉淀,沉淀经足量盐酸洗涤、干燥后,得到11.65g固体。这说明该白色沉淀一定是硫酸钡,所以一定含有SO42-,则就一定没有Ba2+。根据原子守恒可知,SO42-的浓度是=0.5mol/L。

(2)该溶液中一定不存在的离子是Fe3+、Mg2+、Ba2+、CO32-

(3)已知的NH4+、Al3+的正电荷总量小于SO42-负电荷总量,所以依据电荷守恒,一定有K+存在。

单项选择题
单项选择题

According to the United States government, people are classified as homeless if they have no place to stay and no expectation of finding a place for the next thirty days, Although technically accurate, that is an impersonal assessment of an enormous and very human problem,
The homeless population represents all of us Americans, It includes men and women, the elderly, children, and infants. Its members are from all ethnic (种族的) groups. What they have in common is poverty.
Currently in the U.S., thirty-nine million people live in poverty. When money is really tight, paying the rent or buying food often becomes a choice. Government assistance in the form of food stamps does help but, as one homeless man explains, you can’t pay the rent with food stamps.
With no money for rent, the streets and homeless shelters become the alternative.

The U.S. government helps the homeless by ______.
A. giving them homeless allowancesB. giving them food stamps
C. finding jobs for them D. finding residences for them

Although men constitute the largest group within the homeless population, homeless women with children are rapidly joining them. In fact, one quarter of the homeless people in the U.S. are teenagers and young children.
People may become homeless for numerous reasons. However there are certain factors that many of these individuals have in common. They include a lack of adequate education and job skills. A majority of the teenagers and adults have not completed high school.
The abuse of alcohol and drugs is also a common factor. One third of the adult homeless population abuses alcohol, while one quarter of the same group uses drugs.
Some members of this population suffer mental health problems. Within the past several years many institutions for the menially ill have been closed and their patients sent "home". Unfortunately, a number of those people have no home to go to and they are unable to adequately look after themselves.
Job loss in today’s economy has also become a real factor in the loss of people’s homes. The breakup of families through abandonment and divorce are also contributing factors, particularly when there are children involved. The parent who is left to care for the kids with inadequate income may be forced to depend on the homeless shelters to put a roof over their heads.