问题 问答题 简答题

试述有机磷农药中毒的临床表现。

答案

参考答案:

(1)毒蕈碱样症状:主要由于副交感神经末梢兴奋所致,可出现多汗、流泪、流涎、恶心、呕吐、腹泻、腹痛、尿频、心跳减慢和瞳孔缩小,严重时有呼吸困难、发绀、肺水肿。

(2)烟碱样症状:主要由于横纹肌和交感神经节功能异常所致,骨骼肌兴奋,出现肌纤维震颤,全身肌肉强直性痉挛,严重者可转为抑制,出现肌肉无力、瘫痪,最后可因呼吸肌麻痹而死亡。

(3)中枢神经系统症状:有头痛、头昏、言语不清、烦躁不安、谵妄、抽搐和昏迷,也可出现中枢性呼吸衰竭。

阅读理解

Angry survivors demanded answers on Sunday after a terrible stampede(踩踏)at “Love Parade 2010”, a music festival in Germany, killed 19 people and left hundreds hurt.

The German Chancellor Angela Merkel expressed her shock over Saturday’s tragedy in the western city of Duisburg. “This was a very sad day,” Merkel said. “We must do everything we can to ensure that something like this never happens again.”

Witnesses said that people pushed into the narrow tunnel, the only entrance to the Love Parade festival, from both sides until it was dangerously overcrowded. The panic began as festival-goers began to lose consciousness as they were crushed against the walls and each other. The dead included eight foreigners, from Australia, Italy, the Netherlands, China, Bosnia and Spain. More than 340 people were injured.

After the panic, a lot of emergency vehicles, including helicopters, could be seen parked on the highway leading to helicopters, could be seen parked on the highway leading to the festival site, carrying away the injured people. The festival itself, however, went on. Police were afraid that ending the music altogether could cause further unrest among the crowd.

“The event was a real mess,” Patrick Guenter, a 22-year-old baker, said.  “Although the festival was full, they kept letting people in.” he added. “It seems the organizers didn’t plan the route. The road was very narrow, and no one knew what was going on.” Said Taggart Bowen-Gaddy,20,an American from Philadelphia.

Officials said 4,000 police officers and 1,000 security guards provided security for the event, which attracted up to 1.4 million people. The authorities had only given organizers permission for 250,000 people to attend.

“I warned one year ago that Duisburg was not a suitable place for the Love Parade. The city is too small and narrow for such events. It is a pity that…” German police union chief Rainer Wendt told the Bild.

The chief organizer, Rainer Schaller, said the popular event would never be held again, “out of respect for the victims and their families”.

First held in Berlin in 1989 just months before the fall of the Wall, the Love Parade is one of the biggest music festivals in Europe. It left Berlin from 2007 onwards after disagreements with the city authorities over security and has been held in several other German cities in recent years.

小题1:How did the German Chancellor Angela Merkel feel about the tragedy?

A.Very disappointed.

B.Angry and surprised.

C.Very puzzled.

D.Touched.小题2:According to Patrick Gunter and Taggart Bowen-Gaddy, ________.

A.the event was well-organized

B.the performance was wonderful

C.Duisburg was suitable for the Love Parade

D.the organization was very bad小题3:We can infer that __________.

A.Rainer Wendt’s warning went unnoticed

B.Rainer Wendt was a chief organizer of Love Parade 2010

C.Rainer Wendt is a music lover

D.Duisburg is a famous holiday destination小题4:We can learn from the passage that ________.

A.the Love Parade has been canceled forever

B.the Love Parade is a very popular sport event

C.the festival was ended shortly after the panic

D.the Love Parade has a history of over 30 years

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