问题 问答题 案例分析题

西欧从15世纪以后,逐渐确立了领先世界的优势,其主要原因在于不懈的思想、科技的创新。阅读下列材料,回答问题。

材料一

如果立法权和行 * * 集中在同一个人或同一个机关之手,自由便不复存在了;因为人们将会害怕这个国王或议会制定暴虐的法律,并暴虐地执行这些法律。如果司法权不同立法权和行 * * 分立,自由也就不存在了。如果司法权和立法权合二为一,则将对公民的生命和自由施行专断的权力,因为法官就是立法者。如果司法权同行 * * 合二为一,法官便有压迫者的力量

——孟德斯鸠《论法的精神》

材料二

科学革命主要发生在从哥白尼发表的《天体运行论》至牛顿发表《自然科学的数学原理》的一个半世纪里。同样工业革命在16和17世纪就能找到影子,但18世纪人类的生活方式与古代没有什么本质区别,而在19世纪,这些革命的世界性影响才被充分地感觉到。蒸汽动力取代了风力和人力;铁路、汽车、飞机取代了牛马和骡子;电力取代蜡烛,成为只需轻轻按动开关就源源不断的能源等。

——《全球通史》

根据材料一,结合所学知识,概括启蒙运动是如何进一步发展人文主义思想的。

答案

参考答案:

反对专制制度,提倡三权分立或分权,宣扬理性主义;提出“天赋 * * ”。

解析:考查学生分析材料概括材料的能力,依据材料一“如果司法权不同立法权和行 * * 分立,自由也就不存在了。如果司法权和立法权合二为一,则将对公民的生命和自由施行专断的权力”的信息并结合所学启蒙运动思想家主张从反对专制制度,提倡三权分立或分权,宣扬理性主义;提出“天赋 * * ”的角度归纳答案。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Mrs Black, the wife of a rich business man, invited some of her friends to have lunch, She wanted to

try a new way of cooking a fish, and she was very pleased with herself when the dish was ready. As the

dish was very hot, she put it near the open window to cool for a few minutes, But, five minutes later,

when she came back for it, she was shocked(震惊) to find the neighbor's cat at the dish. She was in time

to stop the cat. That afternoon was successful but everyone enjoyed the dish very much. They talked and

laughed till four o'clock.

     At the end of the afternoon, when she was alone again, Mrs Black felt tired but happy. She was in a

chair just near the window.  She looked out of the window and shocked to see the neighbor's cat dead

in her garden. Why, the fish dish must be bad! What would happen to her friends? She at once

telephoned the family doctor for advice. The doctor told her to telephone each of the visitors to meet

him at the hospital as soon as he could. Finally the danger was over. Once again Mrs Black was alone

in her chair in the sitting-room, still tired but no longer happy. Just then the telephone rang. It was her

neighbor."Oh, Mrs Black," her neighbor cried, "My cat is dead. She was killed by someone in a car and

put it in your garden. "

1. Mrs Black invited                 to have lunch.

A. Mr Black's friends          

B. her neighbor

C. her parents                

D. some of her friends

2. Why was Mrs Black not happy after she had a good party?

A. She was sad about the dead cat.

B. She found her fish dish was bad.

C. She never thought that she would have so much trouble.

D. She felt tired after she had a busy day.

3. Mrs Black                  .

A. stopped the cat before it began to eat the fish

B. was too late to stop the cat in time

C. stopped the cat before it ate the fish up

D. stopped the cat but it was too late

4. Why was Mrs Black so shocked to see the cat dead in her garden?

A. She liked the cat very much.

B. She worried about her friends.

C. She was sure that her fish was bad.

D. She didn't know how the cat died.

5. Finally                  .

A. Mrs Black found that all her friends were all right

B. a visitor told her that the cat was killed by someone in a car

C. Mrs Black felt happy as all her friends were safe

D. Mrs Black met all her friends at the hospital

单项选择题