问题 问答题 简答题

讨论形成晶相和玻璃相的条件,指出为什么大多数陶瓷材料可以结晶,形成玻璃相也是常见的,而金属很容易进行结晶,但很难形成玻璃相?

答案

参考答案:

对于有可能进行结晶的材料,决定液体冷却时是否能结晶或者形成玻璃的外部条件是冷却速度,内部条件是黏度。如果冷却速度足够高,任何液体原则上都可以转化为玻璃。特别是对那些分子结构复杂、材料熔融态时黏度很大的液体,冷却时原子迁移扩散困难,则晶体的形成过程很难进行,容易形成过冷液体。温度下降至Tg以下时,过冷液体固化成玻璃。

金属材料由于其晶体结构比较简单,且熔融时黏度小,冷却时很难阻止结晶过程的发生,故固态下的金属大多为晶体;但如果冷却很快时,能阻止某些合金的结晶过程,此时过冷液态的原子排列方式保留至固态,原子在三维空间则不呈周期性的规则排列。

陶瓷材料晶体一般比较复杂,特别是能形成三维网络的SiO2等,尽管大多数陶瓷材料可进行结晶,但也有一些是非晶体,这主要是指玻璃和硅酸盐结构。

单项选择题
单项选择题

When Dave was eighteen, he bought a secondhand car for 200 so that he could travel to and from work more (1) than by bus. It worked quite well for a few years, but then it got so old, and it was costing him (2) much in repairs that he decided that he had better (3) it.

He asked among his friends to see if anyone was particularly (4) to buy a cheap car, but they all knew that it was falling to pieces, so (5) of them had any desire to buy it. Dave’s friend Sam saw that he was (6) when they met one evening, and said, "What’s (7) , Dave"

Dave told him, and Sam answered, "Well, what about advertising it in the paper You may (8) more for it that way than the cost of the advertisement!" Thinking that Sam’s (9) was sensible, he put an advertisement in an evening paper, which read "For sale: small car, (10) very little petrol, only two owners. Bargain at 50. " For two days after the advertisement first appeared, there was no (11) . But then on Saturday evening he had an enquiry. A man rang up and said he would like to (12) him about the car. "All right, " Dave said, feeling happy. He asked the man whether ten o’clock the next morning would be (13) or not. "Fine, " the man said, "and I’ll (14) my wife. We intend to go for a ride in it to (15) it. "

The next morning, at a quarter to ten, Dave parked the car in the square outside his front door, (16) to wait there for the people who had (17) his advertisement. Even Dave had to (18) that the car really looked like a wreck. Then, soon after he had got the car as clean (19) it could be, a police car stopped just behind him and a policeman got out. He looked at Dave’s car and then said, "Have you reported this (20) to us yet, sir\

17().

A.read 

B.inserted 

C.answered 

D.placed