问题 问答题 简答题

脑血栓形成概述

答案

参考答案:

1.概念脑血栓形成是急性缺血性脑血管病的一种常见类型,是引起脑梗死的重要病因。这是血栓形成使颅内或颅外动脉管腔狭窄或闭塞,导致其供血区脑局部缺血、缺氧、坏死软化,造成局限性的神经系统功能缺失。

2.常见病因动脉硬化、狭窄和血栓形成,高血压、动脉炎、高凝状态等。好发部位为大脑中动脉、颈内动脉虹吸部和椎动脉、基底动脉中下段等。

3.临床类型

(1)完全型通常指6小时内病情达高峰者,常为完全性偏瘫,病情一般较严重,甚至昏迷。

(2)进展型局限性脑缺血症状逐渐进展,呈阶梯式加重,可持续6小时至数天。

(3)缓慢进展型起病2周后症状仍进展,常与全身或局部因素所致的脑灌流减少侧支循环代偿不良,血栓向近心端逐渐扩展等有关。

(4)可逆性缺血性神经功能缺损缺血出现的神经症状一般在24~72小时才恢复,最长可持续3周,不留后遗症。

4.临床表现根据急性缺血、缺氧造成脑局部软化、坏死的部位,出现相应的神经系统症状和体征。

(1)大脑中动脉闭塞如主干闭塞出现对侧偏瘫、偏身感觉障碍和同向性偏盲。优势半球受累可出现失语。梗死面积较大症状严重者可引起颅内压增高、意识障碍,甚至死亡。皮层支闭塞时偏瘫及偏身感觉障碍以面部及上肢为重,优势半球受损可出现失语,非优势半球受累可出现对侧偏身忽视症等体象障碍。深穿支闭塞时内囊部分软化,出现对侧偏瘫,一般无感觉障碍及偏盲,优势半球受损时,可有失语。

(2)椎-基底动脉闭塞常出现眩晕、眼震、复视、构音障碍、吞咽困难、共济失调、交叉性瘫痪等症状。主干闭塞时出现四肢瘫、球麻痹、意识障碍,常迅速死亡。脑桥基底部梗死可出现闭锁综合征,患者意识清楚,四肢瘫痪,双侧面瘫、球麻痹,不能言语,不能进食,不能做各种动作,只能以眼球运动来表达自己的意愿。

判断题
单项选择题

Most plants can make their own food from sunlight, (1) some have discovered that stealing is an easier way to live. Thousands of plant species get by (2) photosynthesizing, and over 400 of these species seem to live by pilfering sugars from an underground (3) of fungi(真菌). But in (4) a handful of these plants has this modus operandi been traced to a relatively obscure fungus. To find out how (5) are (6) , mycologist Martin Bidartondo of the University of California at Berkeley and his team looked in their roots. What they found were (7) of a common type of fungus, so (8) that it is found in nearly 70 percent of all plants. The presence of this common fungus in these plants not only (9) at how they survive, says Bidartondo, but also suggests that many ordinary plants might prosper from a little looting, too.

Plants have (10) relations to get what they need to survive. Normal, (11) plants can make their own carbohydrates through photosynthesis, but they still need minerals. Most plants have (12) a symbiotic relationship with a (13) network of what are called my corrhizal fungi, which lies beneath the forest (14) . The fungi help green plants absorb minerals through their roots, and (15) , the plants normally (16) the fungi with sugars, or carbon with a number of plants sharing the same fungal web, it was perhaps (17) that a few cheaters—dubbed epiparasites—would evolve to beat the system. (18) , these plants reversed the flow of carbon, (19) it into their roots from the fungi (20) releasing it as "payment.\

1()

A.but

B.if

C.because

D.though