问题 单项选择题

下列不属于建设项目生命周期所包括的工作阶段是()。

A.决策阶段

B.设计阶段

C.施工阶段

D.生产运行阶段

答案

参考答案:D

解析:

工程项目建设程序是指工程项目从策划、评估、决策、设计、施工到竣工验收、投入生产或交付使用的整个建设过程中,各项工作必须遵循的先后工作次序。

完形填空

Tips for Living in China

1.Dinners

When you are invited to a dinner, you don’t have to eat everything .First, try a little of every dish by putting some on your plate or in rice bowl. You don’t have to eat it, but as a foreign guest (客人),you are supposed to be served first. If you don’t try anything, your host will be embarrassed(尴尬)---and will put it on your plate for you .

2.Bargaining

When you go to open-air markets or personal stores, you need to bargain with the shop assistants. Remember to build a friendly relationship(关系)first. You are creating a relationship with the businessman ,not a price war. Think of it this way :Shouting ,arguing ,and pointing are not good. Smiling ,being friendly, offering to buy more for a better price is. And don’t be afraid to ask,” Can you offer me a better price?”

3.Chopsticks

Don’t point with them at other people’s faces ,and by all means don’t stick them upright in your rice bowl----that is how the Chinese honor (纪念)the dead at graves. You should put them beside the plate.

4.Smiling

Chinese smile for more reasons than Americans .A smile can mean the person is embarrassed, trying to be helpful ,curious, happy or friendly .In the middle of an argument ,smiling means that the speaker doesn’t want this to become personal. When all else fails ,smile in China. It shows you have no ill intention (意图)and can work wonders in getting better service.根据表格内容,从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择最佳答案。(10分)

小题1:When you are invited to a dinner,__________.

A.you need to eat all the dishes

B.you may take one dish to put it on your own plate

C.you should try to eat the dish on your plate

D.you may go out if you don’t like to eat the dishes小题2:What’s the Chinese meaning of the word “bargaining”?

A.讨价还价

B.聊天

C.争论

D.交谈小题3:If you want to buy something in a proper price, you should _____    .

A.shout to the shop assistant

B.argue with the shop assistant

C.talk with the shop assistant with a smile

D.fight with the shop assistant小题4: Which sentence is right?

A.You may point with the chopsticks at people’s faces when you are talking .

B.When you finished eating the food ,you may lick the chopsticks.

C.If you are full ,you may stick the chopsticks upright.

D.When you finished eating the dinner, you may put the chopsticks next to the plate.小题5: When you are in the middle of an argument , smiling means ________.

A.laughing at the other people

B.this is the best attitude to the other people

C.the speaker doesn’t want this to become personal

D.we must beat the other people

阅读理解与欣赏

阅读文段,回答问题。

节约是自然界的神圣法则

  科学证明,节约是自然界进化发展的神圣法则。

  稻秆和麦秆等植物都是空心的,其奥妙就在于用最少的材料取得了最稳固的结构,草木植物在风力和果实重力的作用下,秆子会发生压缩、扭转和弯曲,从材料力学的角度分析,实心圆截面秆子和空心圆截面秆子在外径相同的条件下,两者具有相同的抗扭和抗弯能力。显然,植物长成空心秆有利于将摄取的营养集中到果实上来,同时也缩短了生长期,这不是绝妙的生长方法吗?另外,我们常见的萄萄、杨梅等都是圆球状的。这是因为建造圆球形物体所耗费的材料最少,而容积却最大。

  植物如此,动物在发展过程中也极其惊人地贯彻了节约的法则。例如,恒温动物的体温大都在35℃左右,这是共同的节约法则起了微妙的作用。众所周知,水是物体的基本组成部分,而水的比热是随着温度变化而变动的。据测定,在35℃时,水的比热最小,这意味着,动物体温为35℃时,为保持体温恒定所需要吸收和放出的热量最少,又比如,蜻蜓的翅膀长只有5厘米,面积是4.6平方厘米,重量仅0.005克,然而,它却具有足够的强度和刚度,每秒钟能扑动20至40次,飞行速度达到每秒15米,这种翅膀的构造真可说是节约的典型了。

  自然界在进化发展过程中所体现出来的节约法则,极大地启发了人类的智慧。例如,人们发现某些植物的叶子是按照螺旋形状排列的,夹角是137°30′,这样的叶序排列使植物的采光面最大,于是,建筑设计师就借鉴了这个采光原理,设计建造了一座13层高、按螺旋状排列的大楼,结果表明,每个房间都充满了阳光。人们还从自然界下雨的时候雨滴成为前圆后尖的形状得到启发,设计制造了阻力很小的雨滴状小汽车,空气从车前轻拂而过,在车后也不会形成空气涡流,行驶速度每小时可达300千米。(摘自2006年3月1日《新民晚报》,韩玉荣文,有改动)

1.本文主要采用了哪两种说明方法了?请分别说说它们的作用。

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2.请认真阅读第二自然段,说说植物的生长是如何遵循“节约”法则的?

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3.说明文的语言必须准确。仔细阅读下面句子,说说加粗的词语能否去掉,为什么?

恒温动物的体温大都在35℃左右,这就是共同的节约法则起到的微妙作用。

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4.“人们还从下雨的时候雨滴成为前圆后尖的形状得到了启发,设计制造了阻力很小的雨滴状小汽车。”生活中,类似这样的模仿动、植物的某些特征进行创造的例子还有很多,请再举出一例,并说说所举例子模仿了动、植物的哪些特征。

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