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艾滋病

答案

参考答案:

艾滋病亦称获得性免疫缺陷综合征(acquiredimmunodeficiencysyndrome,AIDS),是由人类免疫缺陷病毒(humanimmunodeficiencyvirus,HIV)感染引起的以T细胞免疫功能免疫缺陷为主的一种免疫缺陷病。艾滋病病毒(HIV)是一种能生存于人的血液中并攻击人体免疫系统的病毒,它是只有一个单链、带有包膜的RNA(核糖核酸)的逆转录病毒类的病毒。

HIV侵袭人的免疫系统、降低并最终破坏人体的免疫功能,它把人体免疫系统中最重要的T4淋巴细胞作为攻击目标,大量吞噬、破坏T4淋巴细胞,从而使整个人体免疫系统遭到破坏,最终人体丧失对各种疾病的抵抗能力,会因各种复合感染而导致死亡。

HIV现已发现有HIV-1和HIV-2二型病毒。目前广泛流行于全球的毒株是HIV-1型。

在我国以HIV-1型流行为主。从感染HIV到发生AIDS有一个完整的自然过程,临床上目前分为三期,

Ⅰ期为急性感染期;

Ⅱ期为无症状感染期;

Ⅲ期为AIDS期。

艾滋病病人与HIV感染者是艾滋病的传染源。HIV感染者数量巨大,长期潜伏带毒而无临床症状,活动范围广泛,其传染源意义最大。

艾滋病传播途径主要有性接触传播:包括同性、异性及双重性接触。经血液或血制品传播:多见于静脉毒瘾者,通过共用污染的注射器、针头而感染。母婴垂直传播:HIV阳性的母亲在怀孕和分娩期间,通过胎盘或在分娩过程中婴儿接触母亲的血液或 * * 分泌物而感染。艾滋病诊断依据:患者的临床表现,长期发热、明显消瘦、慢性腹泻、全身淋巴结肿大、真菌感染等;实验室检查,艾滋病抗体检测阳性,CD4∶CD8<1;流行病学调查:传染来源,感染的途径,性传播、经血及吸毒、母婴、医源性等。

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                                                             Volunteer victims
     A man who dined regularly in his favorite restaurant complained about the bread.It wasn't    1   he
said, that other restaurants served lots of    2  . But here he got only one piece.
     So the next time he came in, they    3   him four pieces. He still said it wasn't   4  . For his next visit they put a large basket of bread on the table. But still he   5  ,"The other restaurants give all the bread you can
  6  ". 
     They decided to be    7  for him the next day. They had    8   an enormous loaf of bread. It was six feet long and two feet wide. Four people carried the loaf to his    9  .They plopped (使掉下) it down in front
of him. It took up half the table and over both sides.The chef stood back to see    11   the customer would react.
     He looked over the loaf and    12  ,"So, we're back to one piece again, aren't we?" Like this man, we
volunteer to be    13  . We believe life is unfair and people are    14  . We think everyone should know just how    15   things are and we feel obliged to tell them.
     The problem is that life sometimes is unfair,   16   the greater truth is that people can decide whether
they are victims or    17  . Happy people have learned that they cannot always    18   their
circumstances, but they can often decide how they will    19  .What life means to us is determined not so
much by what life brings to us as by the    20   we bring to life; not so much by what happens to us as by
our reaction to what happens.You were born to be a victor! You were meant to be happy!
( )1. A.cheap    
( )2.A.bread      
( )3.A.sold      
( )4.A.plent y    
( )5.A.disagreed  
( )6.A.eat        
( )7. A.useful  
( )8.A. arranged  
( )9.A.home      
( )10.A.got      
( )11.A.how      
( )12.A.shouted  
( )13.A.suffers  
( )14.A.different
( )15.A.terrible  
( )16.A.and      
( )17.A.champions
( )18.A.adjust    
( )19.A.respond  
( )20.A.meaning  
B.expensive    
B.fruit        
B.served      
B.delicious    
B.disapproved  
B.produce      
B.ready        
B.organized    
B.office      
B.fell        
B.what        
B.whispered    
B.losers      
B.untrustworthy
B.nice        
B.but          
B.conquerors  
B.match        
B.ignore      
B.attitude    
C.fair        
C.soup        
C.bought      
C.suitable    
C.praised      
C.bake        
C.sorry        
C.prepared    
C.table        
C.swung        
C.when        
C.commented    
C.assistants  
C.cruel        
C.hard        
C.even        
C.fighters    
C.control      
C.evaluate    
C.approach    
D.possible    
D.pudding    
D.prepared    
D.enough      
D.complained  
D.consume    
D.anxious    
D.ordered    
D.counter    
D.hung        
D.why        
D.yelled      
D.victims    
D.impatient  
D.fantastic  
D.if          
D.victors    
D.direct      
D.cooperate  
D.manner