问题 问答题 案例分析题

阅读材料,完成下列要求。

2015年11月27~28日,中央扶贫开发工作会议在北京召开,吹响了脱贫攻坚战的冲锋号。

材料一改革开放以来,在党中央、国务院的领导下,我国先后实施了《国家八七扶贫攻坚计划(1994—2000年)》《中国农村扶贫开发纲要(2001—2010年)》《中国农村扶贫开发纲要(2011—2020年)》。截止2015年底,我国已有7亿多农村贫困人口脱贫,对全球减贫的贡献率超过70%,开创出具有中国特色的扶贫模式,创造了人类反贫困历史上的中国奇迹。然而,截至2015年底,我国还有14个集中连片特困区,592个国家扶贫开发重点县,5575万农村贫困人口。2015年12月,《中 * * 国务院关于打赢脱贫攻坚战的决定》提出了精准扶贫、精准脱贫基本方略,确保到2020年打赢脱贫攻坚战。

材料二会议提出,国家扶持“三农”的政策、资金和项目向贫困地区倾斜,实施贫困村“一村一品”产业推进行动。加大贫困地区生态保护修复力度,增加重点生态功能区转移支付。要以精准帮扶促进贫困地区民生改善,通过输出劳务、发展产业、加强培训、推动创业促进有劳动能力的贫困人口就业,找到适合自己的脱贫致富门路。

结合材料一和所学政治知识,分析我国为什么要实施精准扶贫和精准脱贫。

答案

参考答案:

①我国是人民民主专政的社会主义国家,消除贫困、改善民生、实现共同富裕,是社会主义的本质要求。②政府坚持对人民负责,实施精准扶贫是坚持和落实共享发展理念、实现全面建成小康社会的必然要求。③中 * * 党坚持以人为本、执政为民,实施精准扶贫和精准脱贫是践行党的宗旨,实现最广大人民的根本利益的要求。④是尊重和保障 * * 的内在要求,可以调动广大人民投身社会主义现代化建设的积极性,彰显社会主义制度的优越性,有利于国家长治久安和提升国际形象。

解析:解答本题时,要认真审读设问,注意围绕“精准扶贫和精准脱贫”,运用《政治生活》知识分析其原因,考生答题时可围绕我国的国家性质、政府、党和保障人民权益等角度作答,注意既要答出理论依据,还要分析其意义。

多项选择题
单项选择题

A very important world problem, if not the most serious of all the great world problems which affect us at the moment, is the increasing number of people who actually inhabit this planet. The limited amount of land and land resources will soon be unable to support the huge population if it continues to grow at its present rate.

In an early survey conducted in 1888, a billion and a half people inhabited the earth. Now, the population exceeds five billion and is growing fast—by the staggering figure of 90 million in 1988 alone. This means that the world must accommodate a new population roughly equal to that of the United States and Canada every three years! Even though the rate of growth has begun to slow down, most experts believe the population size will still pass eight billion during the next 50 years.

So why is this huge increase in population taking place It is really due to the spread of the knowledge and practice of what is becoming known as "Death Control". You have no doubt heard of the term "Birth Control"—" Death Control" is something rather different. It recognizes the work of the doctors and scientists who now keep alive people who, not very long ago, would have died of a variety of then incurable diseases. Through a wide variety of technological innovations that include farming methods and sanitation, as well as the control of these deadly diseases, we have found ways to reduce the rate at which we die—creating a population explosion. We used to think that reaching seventy years old was a remarkable achievement, but now eighty or even ninety is becoming recognized as the normal life-span for humans. In a sense, this represents a tremendous achievement for our species. Biologically this is the very definition of success and we have undoubtedly become the dominant animal on the planet. However, this success is the very cause of the greatest threat to mankind.

Man is constantly destroying the very resources which keep him alive. He is destroying the balance of nature which regulates climate and the atmosphere, produces and maintains healthy soils, provides food from the seas, etc. In short, by only considering our needs of today we are ensuring there will be no tomorrow.

An understanding of man’s effect on the balance of nature is crucial to be able to find the appropriate remedial action. It is a very common belief that the problems of the population explosion are caused mainly by poor people living in poor countries who do not know enough to limit their reproduction. This is not true. The actual number of people in an area is not as important as the effect they have on nature. Developing countries do have an effect on their environment, but it is the populations of richer countries that have a far greater impact on the earth as a whole.

The birth of a baby in, for example, Japan, imposes more than a hundred times the amount of stress on the world’s resources as a baby in India. Most people in India do not grow up to own cars or air-conditioners—nor do they eat the huge amount of meat and fish that the Japanese child does. Their life-styles do not require vast quantities of minerals and energy. Also, they are aware of the requirements of the land around them and try to put something back into nature to replace what they take out.

For example, tropical forests are known to be essential to the balance of nature yet we are destroying them at an incredible rate. They are being cleared not to benefit the natives of that country, but to satisfy the needs of richer countries. Central American forests are being destroyed for pastureland to make pet food in the United States cheaper; in Papua New Guinea, forests are destroyed to supply cheaper cardboard packaging for Japanese electronic products; in Burma and Thailand, forests have been destroyed to produce more attractive furniture in Singapore and Japan. Therefore, a rich person living thousands of miles away may cause more tropical forest destruction than a poor person living in the forest itself.

In short then, it is everybody’s duty to safeguard the future of mankind-not only through population control, but by being more aware of the effect his actions have on nature. Nature is both fragile and powerful. It is very easily destroyed; on the other hand, it can so easily destroy its most aggressive enemy—man.

Which of the following recommendations might be made by the author()

A. Increasing food and industrial production, and encouraging people in undeveloped countries to have fewer children

B. Improving education about the environment and banning the export of wood products from poor to rich countries

C. Encouraging people worldwide to have fewer children and to behave in a more responsible way towards nature

D. Restricting population worldwide and increasing the use of nonrenewable resources