问题 综合题

(12分)阅读下列材料,回答问题。

材料一  中文“民主”一词最早出现于《尚书》,该书提到:“天惟时求民主,乃大降显于成汤。”这里说的是:暴君夏桀残民以逞,不配做民之主,推翻夏桀的成汤才是民主。

材料二 雅典民主政治家伯利克里在一次演讲中说:“我们的制度被称做民主制度,那是千真万确的,因为 * * 不是在少数人手里,而是在多数人手里。就法律而言,一切人在解决他们私人纠纷方面都是平等的。就人的价值而言,无论何人以何种方式显露头角,优于他人担任一些荣耀的公职,那不是因为他属于特殊的阶级,而是由于他个人的才能。”

(1)材料一中“民主”和“民”以及材料二中的“何人”分别是指什么?(6分)

(2)说明材料二中“民主”的含义。根据伯利克里的说法,概括雅典民主政治的特征。(6分)

答案

(1)最高统治者,被统治者,有限定的公民(除奴隶、妇女、未成年人、外邦人以外的男性公民)。(6分)

(2)人民主权。少数服从多数,法律面前人人平等,任人唯贤。(6分)

题目分析:(1)中国古代的民主并非人民当家作主的意思,而是为民做主,体现的是统治阶级的意志;材料二中的何人指的是男性公民,体现的是民主:只要他有才能,就可以在政治上崭露头角。(2)材料二体现的是人民当家作主,人民主权。雅典民主制实行法律面前人人平等的思想,少数服从多数等。

点评:中国古代的“民主”与雅典的民主有着本质的区别。雅典民主是考试的的重点。有关雅典的主要内容有雅典民主制形成的过程,特点,体现,影响等。

阅读理解

阅读短文,从题中所给的A, B, C, D四个选项中选出最佳答案。

       A kind of little cars may some day take the place of today's ones. If everyone drives such cars in the future,

there will be less pollution in the air. There will also be more space for parking cars in cities, and the streets will

be less crowded. Three such cars can fit in the space now needed for one car of the usual size.

       The little cars will cost much less to own and to drive. Driving will be safer, too, as these little cars can go

only 65 kilometers an hour.

       The cars of the future will be fine for getting around a city, but they will not be useful for long trips. Little

cars will go 450 kilometers before needing to stop for more gasoline (汽油).

       If big cars are still used along with the small ones, two sets of roads will be needed in the future. Some

roads will be used for the big, fast cars and other roads will be needed for the slower small ones.

1. There is much pollution in the air today because ____. [ ]

A. people drive big cars

B. people drive little cars

C. the cars go 65 kilometers an hour

D. the cars can go 450 kilometers an hour

2. The usual size of cars today is ____ that of the future cars. [ ]

A. much smaller than

B. much the same as

C. three times as large as

D. a little larger than

3. Which of the following is not true? [ ]

A. Big cars cost more to own and to drive.

B. Big cars are not useful for long trips.

C. The cars of the future will be smaller than today's cars.

D. Small cars are slower than big ones

4. The street will be less crowded because ____. [ ]

A. there will be fewer cars in the future.

B. there will be fewer passengers in the street

C. driving future cars will be safe

D. future cars will be much smaller

5. Two sets of roads may be needed in the future because ____.[ ]

A. there will be too many cars in the future

B. more and more people will get around a city

C. big cars and little cars may be used along with each other

D. it looks more beautiful to have two sets of roads

材料题