问题 问答题 简答题

古利克对政府和行政问题的探讨主要表现在哪些方面?

答案

参考答案:

古利克对政府和行政问题的探讨可以概括为以下几个主要方面:

(1)当私人行为证明不符合公共利益时政府应通过行动在社会中扮演一种积极角色。应尽可能建立公共部门与私人部门之间的合作机制,因为计划是所有公共事业的一个基本要素。

(2)各级政府的行政部门都应提出政策建议和执行政策,与此同时,立法部门则只应承担批准行政建议或否决行政建议的职责。

(3)在行政部门内,行政首长应通过更为有力的层级控制、改进参谋机构的支持、合并行政科室以及减少州级政府和地方政府民选官员的人数来其增强实力。

(4)联邦政府、州政府和地方政府之间应就其各自所应承担的职责建立和发展合作关系。尤其是,联邦政府应承认州和地方的问题具有全国性,因此联邦政府在处理这些问题时应扮演一种领导角色。

(5)行政官员必然要涉及到政治和政策问题,而且行政理论应重新加以阐述以便在各项行政职能中充分利用职业专长。

(6)应运用科学方法来发现能够用来提高政府工作效率和效益的一般性行政原则。

(7)组织的最高领导人应在组织内部通过权威机构和建立与发展统一目标来对其行政分支组织进行内部整合。

问答题

某汽车制造厂为增值税一般纳税人,2010年5月份和6月份的生产经营情况如下:
(1)5月购进汽车座椅一批,取得防伪税控系统开具的增值税专用发票,注明金额280万元、增值税税额47.6万元,支付运费10万元,建设基金2万元,取得运输发票;
(2)5月销售发动机10台给一小规模纳税人,取得收入28.08万元;出口发动机80台,取得销售额200万元;
(3)6月进口汽车配件一批,支付给国外买价120万元,包装材料8万元,到达我国海关以前的运输装卸费3万元、保险费13万元,从海关运往企业所在地支付运输费7万元,取得运输发票;
(4)6月进口1台数控设备,支付给国外的买价60万元,相关税金3万元,支付到达我国海关前的装卸费、运输费6万元,保险费2万元,从海关运往企业所在地支付运费4万元并取得运输发票;
(5)6月购进钢材,取得防伪税控系统开具的增值税专用发票,注明金额300万元、增值税税额51万元,另支付购货运费12万元、装卸费用3万元,运输发票上分别注明;当月将30%用于修建厂房;
(6)6月从再生资源经营单位购入报废汽车部件,取得再生资源经营单位开具的防伪税控增值税专用发票,注明金额90万元,另支付运输费、装卸费共计6万元;
(7)6月1日将A型小轿车130辆赊销给境内某汽车销售公司,约定6月15日付款,15日汽车制造厂开具增值税专用发票,注明金额2340万元、增值税税额397.8万元,销售公司实际30日才将货款和延期付款的违约金8万元支付给企业;
(8)6月以成本价销售A型小轿车10辆(总成本80万元)给本企业有突出贡献的业务人员;
(9)6月企业新设计生产B型小轿车2辆,每辆成本价12万元,将其赠送给某汽车俱乐部,市场上无B型小轿车销售价格。
其他相关资料:①该企业进口原材料和机械设备的关税税率为10%;②生产销售的小轿车适用消费税率12%;③B型小轿车成本利润率8%;④城市维护建设税税率7%;⑤教育费附加征收率3%;⑥退税率13%;⑦相关票据在有效期内均通过主管税务机关认证。
要求:根据上述资料,按下列序号回答问题,每问需计算出合计数;

计算企业6月进口汽车配件应缴纳的增值税;

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Ask someone what they have done to help the environment recently and they will

almost certainly mention recycling.Recycling in the home is very important of course.

However,being forced to recycle often means we already have more material than we

need.We are dealing with the results of that over-consumption in the greenest way

possible,but it would be far better if we did not need to bring so much material home

in the first place.

     The total amount of packaging increased by 12% between 1999 and 2005.It now

makes up a third of a typical household's waste in the UK.In many supermarkets

nowadays food items are packaged twice with plastic and cardboard.

     Too much packaging is doing serious damage to the environment.The UK,for example,

is running out of it for carrying this unnecessary waste.If such packaging is burnt,it gives off

greenhouse gases which go on to cause the greenhouse effect.Recycling helps,but the process

itself uses energy.The solution is not to produce such items in the first place.Food waste is

a serious problem,too.Too many supermarkets encourage customers to buy more than they

need.However,a few of them are coming round to the idea that this cannot continue,encouraging

customers to reuse their plastic bags,for example.

     But this is not just about supermarkets.It is about all of us.We have learned to associate

packaging with quality.We have learned to think that something unpackaged is of poor quality.

This is especially true of food.But it also applies to a wide range of consumer products,which

often have far more packaging than necessary.

     There are signs of hope.As more of us recycle,we are beginning to realise just how much

unnecessary material we are collecting.We need to face the wastefulness of our consumer culture,

but we have a mountain to climb.

1.What does the underlined phrase "over-consumption" refer to?

A.Using too much packaging.

B.Recycling too many wastes.

C.Making more products than necessary.

D.Having more material than is needed.

2.The author uses figures in Paragraph 2 to show          .

A.the tendency of cutting household waste

B.the increase of packaging recycling

C.the rapid growth of supermarkets

D.the fact of packaging overuse

3.According to the text,recycling         .

A.helps control the greenhouse effect

B.means burning packaging for energy

C.is the solution to gas shortage

D.leads to a waste of land

4.What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?

A.Unpackaged products are of bad quality.

B.Supermarkets care more about packaging.

C.It is improper to judge quality by packaging.

D.Other products are better packaged than food

5.What can we learn from the last paragraph?

A.Fighting wastefulness is difficult.

B.Needless material is mostly recycled.

C.People like collecting recyclable waste.

D.The author is proud of their consumer culture.