问题 问答题 案例分析题

阅读材料,回答问题:

材料一

梁启超在《清代学术概论》中说:“鸦片战役”以后,志士扼腕切齿,引为大辱奇戚,思所以自湔(音间)拔;经世致用观念之复活,炎炎不可以抑。又海禁既开,所谓“西学”者逐渐输入;始则工艺,次则政制。

材料二

日本学者福泽渝吉在《文明论概略》中就社会转型的问题说:汲取欧洲文明,必须先其难者而后其易者,首先变革人心,然后改变政令,最后达到有形的物质。按照这个顺序做,虽然有困难,但是没有真正的障碍,可以顺利达到目的。倘若次序颠倒,看似容易,实则不通。

结合欧洲和中国近代化的史实评述材料二的观点。

答案

参考答案:

欧洲的近代化先是经历了思想启蒙(文艺复兴、宗教改革和启蒙运动),继而是制度建设(英、法、美等国通过资产阶级革命,确立了资产阶级代议制),最后是器物阶段(通过工业革命,欧美国家相继实现工业化)。近代中国的近代化过程则完全把这个顺序颠倒过来,即:由器物(洋务运动)到制度(戊戌变法、辛亥革命)再到思想观念(新文化运动),结果未能成功。正如福泽渝吉所言:“看似容易,实则不通”。所以,作者的观点是有一定道理的。

但是,我们也应该看到中国近代向西方学习的失败与半殖民地的社会性质密切相关。未能实现民族独立,成为阻碍中国近代化进程的最大障碍。

解析:

本题考查学生解读分析史料并综合解决问题的能力。第(1)问中第一小问依据材料中文字“鸦片战役以后;经世致用观念之复活;又海禁既开”等文字信息去概括作答;第二小问学习历程依据所学从器物、制度以及思想角度概括作答。第(2)问属于观点评述题,是典型的历史小论文撰写,解答此类题关键是先依据材料概括观点,然后结合所学知识进行论证,本题观点依据材料二中“汲取欧洲文明,首先变革人心,然后改变政令,最后达到有形的物质”来概括观点,然后结合中国近代化历程特点去比较作答。

考点:近代中国思想解放潮流·西学东渐·历程及影响;西方人文精神发展·文艺复兴·特点及影响;西方人文精神发展·启蒙运动·特点及影响;资本主义市场形成与发展·工业革命·特点及影响

完形填空
完形填空
     We always want what we cannot have. When we're young, we want to stay out late, have romantic
relationships, and be __1__. However, when we're __2__, we want to go back to being young and
we __3__ the days when we didn't have to worry about complex love affairs, __4__ pressure, and
money problems.
     Young people believe adulthood __15__ freedom from parents and schoolwork. When they get
older, they feel that __6__ is freedom from work pressure and family responsibilities. To __7__ this
feeling, people say, “The grass is always __8__ on the other side of the fence.”
     As __9__, we like to be like adults, but as young adults, we __10__ to be young again. We think
about staying out late and __11__ our own money to spend. Suddenly, they see that love can result in
__12__ hearts; staying out late makes it hard to get ready for __13__ the next morning. They find out
that adult life is not as __14__ as they thought it would be and suddenly, __15__ becomes very scary.
      Life is __16__. It gives us time to __17__ but also requires us to work. The time will come when
we must grow up and we will always look back wishing we __18__ being young a bit longer. That time
will not come back. It is normal to want what we cannot have but the __19__ is that to be happy is to
appreciate what we have. That is the first step to grow up. __20__ life becomes more complex, we will
not regret the time we wasted wishing we were adults.
( )1. A. comfortable
( )2. A. older      
( )3. A. like        
( )4. A. sleep      
( )5. A. creates    
( )6. A. childhood  
( )7. A. reduce      
( )8. A. greener    
( )9. A. researchers
( )10. A. wish      
( )11. A. making    
( )12. A. healthy    
( )13. A. breakfast  
( )14. A. rich      
( )15. A. life      
( )16. A. long      
( )17. A. study      
( )18. A. stopped    
( )19. A. reason    
( )20. A. If        
B. dependent
B. defeated  
B. forget    
B. job      
B. shows    
B. adulthood
B. describe  
B. thinner  
B. teenagers
B. decide    
B. having    
B. ambitious
B. school    
B. busy      
B. love      
B. short    
B. think    
B. enjoyed  
B. result    
B. When      
C. independent    
C. married        
C. regret        
C. age            
C. means          
C. parenthood    
C. experience    
C. yellow        
C. adults        
C. return        
C. worrying about
C. broken        
C. exercise      
C. free          
C. career        
C. fair          
C. play          
C. imagined      
C. dream          
C. Unless        
D. polite      
D. confident  
D. miss        
D. time        
D. limits      
D. romanticism
D. understand  
D. colorful    
D. elders      
D. stop        
D. showing off
D. excited    
D. work        
D. easy        
D. future      
D. beautiful  
D. live        
D. tried      
D. truth      
D. Before      
问答题 简答题