问题 问答题 简答题

材料一城镇化率通常指一个地区常住于城镇的人口占该地区总人口的比例。城镇化过程是一个资源重新配置的过程。据有关专家预测,在我国,城镇化率每增加1个百分点,就意味着约有2000万农村人口进入城镇生活,带动交通、供水、供电、通信、文化娱乐等公用基础设施建设以及住房、就学、就业需求的急剧增加。据统计,每增加1个城镇人口可带动投资2.5万元,每建设1平方公里的城镇基础设施可带动1.5亿元的投资。

材料二目前,我国人口城镇化率达到52.57%,城市人口历史性地超过农村人口。大量人口转为市民后,消费水平与方式发生变化,从买房、买家电、教育文化娱乐到吃穿用行,会产生巨大的消费转换效应,城镇化所能带动的内需是不可估量的。

联系材料一、材料二,运用财政作用的有关知识,简述城镇化进程对我国扩大内需的意义。

答案

参考答案:

①财政具有优化资源配置的作用。城镇化进程所进行的基础设施建设带来的投资增长,有利于推动经济发展。

②财政具有保障人民生活的作用。城镇化进程需要国家增加住房、就学、就业等方面的支出,这满足了人民的生活需求,提高了人民的生活水平。

③大量农村人口进入城市后,由于消费需求的扩大与消费结构的改善,有力地拉动了经济增长。

解析:

【考点】财政与基础设施工程;财政与宏观调整;财政与人民生活保障

【分析】本题设问限定的知识范围是财政作用的有关知识,设问指向城镇化进程对我国扩大内需的意义。审读材料,获取有效信息。每建设1平方公里的城镇基础设施可带动1.5亿元的投资;城镇化带动住房、就学、就业需求的急剧增加;大量人口转为市民后,消费水平与方式发生变化。对比材料与设问,依据财政的作用,立足城镇化建设分析对扩大内需的意义。

选择题
单项选择题


Passage One

Opinion polls are now beginning to show an unwilling general agreement that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely.
But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future of work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm Should we not rather encourage many other ways for self-respecting people to work Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighborhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centers of production and work
The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most people’s work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a discouraging thought. But, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom.
Employment became widespread when the enclosures (圈地运动) of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people’s homes. Later, as transport improved, first by rail and then by road, people traveled longer distances to their places employment until eventually, many people’s work lost all connection with their home lives and places in which they lived.
Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. It became customary for the husband to go out to paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and family to his wife.
All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the impractical goal of creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many-people to manage without full-time jobs.

The passage suggests that we should now re-examine our thinking about work and ______ .

A.be prepared to admit that being employed is not the only kind of work

B.create more factories in order to increase our productivity

C.set up smaller private enterprises so that we in turn can employ others

D.be prepared to fill in time by taking up housework