问题 问答题 简答题

发热时机体的物质代谢有哪些变化?

答案

参考答案:

发热时,一般体温每升高1℃,基础代谢率提高13%。因此,持续高热或长期发热均可使体内物质消耗,尤其是糖、脂肪、蛋白质分解增多,使机体处于能量代谢的负平衡。

①蛋白质代谢:高热病人蛋白质加强,长期发热使血浆总蛋白和白蛋白量减少,尿素氮明显增高,呈负氮平衡;

②糖与脂肪代谢:发热时糖原分解增高,血糖增高,糖原的储备减少;发热患者食欲低下,糖类摄入不足,导致脂肪分解也加强,大量脂肪分解且氧化不全可使血中酮体增加;由于糖分解代谢加强,氧供应相对不足,于是糖酵解增加,血乳酸增多;

③水、电解质与维生素代谢:发热病人维生素不足,尤其是维生素C和B族缺乏;在发热的体温上升期和高热持续期,由于尿量减少,可致水、钠、氮等在体内储留。在体温下降期,由于皮肤、呼吸道大量蒸发水分,出汗增多及尿量增多,可引起高渗性脱水。发热时,组织分解代谢增强,细胞内钾释放入血,血钾增高,肾脏排钾减少,尿钾增高。严重者因乳酸、酮体增多及高钾血症,可发生代谢性酸中毒。

单项选择题
单项选择题

The "standard of living" of any country means the average person’s share of the goods and services which the country produces. A country’s standard of living, (1) , depends first and (2) on its capacity to produce wealth." Wealth" in this sense is not money, for we do not live on money (3) on things that money can buy. "Goods" such as food and clothing, and "services" such as transport and " (4) ". A country’s capacity to produce wealth depends upon many factors, most of (5) have an effect on one another. Wealth depends (6) a great extent upon a country’s natural resources. Some regions of the world are well supplied with coal and minerals, and have a fertile soil and a (7) climate; other regions possess none of them.

Next to natural resources (8) the ability to turn them to use. China is perhaps as well (9) as the USA in natural resources, but suffered for many years from civil and (10) wars, and (11) this and other reasons was (12) to develop her resources. (13) and stable political conditions, and (14) from foreign invasion, enable a country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily, and to produce more wealth than another country equally well (15) by nature but less well ordered.

A country’s standard of living does not only depend upon the wealth that is produced and consumed (16) its own borders, but also upon what is indirectly produced through international trade. (17) , Britain’s wealth in foodstuffs and other agricultural products would be much less if she had to depend only on (18) grown at home. Trade makes it possible for her surplus manufactured goods to be traded abroad for the agricultural products that would (19) be lacking. A country’s wealth is, therefore, much influenced by its manufacturing capacity, (20) that other countries can be found ready to accept its manufactures.

7()

A.neutral

B.favorable

C.virtuous

D.marine