问题 单项选择题


以下提供若干个案例,每个案例下设若干道考题。请根据答案所提供的信息,在每一道考题下面的A、B、C、D、E五个备选答案中选择一个最佳答案。

有研究者欲分析白酒的平均销售量与肝癌的死亡率之间的关系,收集了1998年全国二十个大城市白酒的平均销售量与肝癌的死亡率资料。

在应用该方法时易发生哪类错误

A.暴露污染

B.匹配过度

C.生态学谬误

D.霍桑效应

E.失访

答案

参考答案:C

解析:通过收集白洒的平均销售量与肝癌的死亡率资料,以分析二者之间的相关关系,这种研究形式称为生态学研究。生态学研究在流行病学研究分类中属于描述性研究,它是以群体而不是以个体为单位收集疾病和某些因素的资料,计算二者的平均水平,并分析二者的相关关系的一种研究方法。在生态学研究中容易发生生态学谬误。生态学谬误是指用生态学研究方法探讨某因素与疾病之间的关系时,由于偏倚的存在,导致研究结果与真实情况不一致,我们把这种现象称之为生态学谬误。

阅读理解

Recently,CCTV reporter have asked a simple question, “Are you happy?”

The question has caught many interviewees off guard. Even Mo Yan, who recently won a Nobel Prize, answered by saying “I don’t know.”

We should ask “What exactly is happiness? And how do you measure(测量) it?”. Last year, China’s Premier Wen Jiabao told the nation, “Everything we do is aimed at letting people live more happily.” At last year’s National People’s Congress(全国人民代表大会), officials agreed that increasing happiness would be a top target(目标) for the 12th five-year plan.

Many argue that happiness is elusive. It also means different things to different people. For some, happiness can be as simple as having enough money to buy a new bicycle; for others, it’s about socializing(社交活动) or finding the perfect spouse(配偶).

Chen Shangyuan, 21, a college student, said his idea of happiness always evolves(进化). “At present it relates to how productive I am in a day”, he said. “It might be linked to(联系) job security (安全) or leisure(休闲) time after I graduate.”

小题1:What did Mo Yan say when he was asked the question “Are you happy?”

A.Yes, I am very happy.

B.No, I am not happy.

C.It depends on the weather.

D.I don’t know小题2:What’s the top target for the 12th five-year plan?

A.Economic

B.Peace

C.Culture

D.Increasing happiness小题3:What does “elusive” mean in the passage?

A.难以理解

B.难能可贵

C.难以实现

D.难以忘记小题4:What does Chen Shangyuan think happiness might be linked to when he works?

A big house.    B. An expensive car.    C. Money       D. Job security or leisure time.

小题5:Form this passage, we can know that_________.

A.happiness can be measured

B.to be happy is very

C.different people have different ideas about happiness

D.If we have a lot of money we will feel happy

填空题