问题
问答题 简答题
简述科层制的含义。
答案
参考答案：
科层制是一种以正式规则为主体的管理方式，这种组织具有细密的分工和复杂的规章制度体系。科层制是现代社会组织管理的典型方式。特征包括：
（1）明确的分工；
（2）明确的职权等级；
（3）明确的规章制度体系；
（4）私人关系和公务关系的分离；
（5）量才用人；
（6）管理权力依附于职位，而不依附于个人。
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简述科层制的含义。
参考答案：
科层制是一种以正式规则为主体的管理方式，这种组织具有细密的分工和复杂的规章制度体系。科层制是现代社会组织管理的典型方式。特征包括：
（1）明确的分工；
（2）明确的职权等级；
（3）明确的规章制度体系；
（4）私人关系和公务关系的分离；
（5）量才用人；
（6）管理权力依附于职位，而不依附于个人。
| 完形填空。 | |||
| "I've been writing a book, John. Do you think anyone would be interested in __1__ it?" said the old lady. John took over the papers from her shaking hand and seated her in a chair. He remembered her rich __2__ in the early days of the Old West. He looked through the papers. "It's good, Grandma," he said gently. Then realizing that she__3__ hear him, he shouted into her ears. "I think it's very good. I'll send it to a publisher (出版商)." Ten days later, he reported that the publisher had read a few__4__ . He agreed to publish it, and he had paid ＄100 for the copyright. __5__ money would be given as an advance (预付款). Every month, John brought her＄100 with a letter from the publisher telling about the progress of the book. One morning, three months after her 100th birthday, Grandma didn't get up. The doctor told her that she couldn't __6__ more than a few days. She was ready to go, but she first wanted her book to be in print. John promised that she could get it very soon. Grandma held on until the day the book came into her hands. She proudly touched her book with her fingers, tears in her eyes. Two hours later, she died peacefully, __7__ holding her book. Her granddaughter took up the book and __8__ it. "Why, it's just blank pages!" she cried in surprise. John's face turned __9__. Then the girl understood. There never was a book. It was John __10__, who couldn't take away her grandmother's only hope, had written the letters and sold his car to pay the advance. | |||
| ( ) 1. A. borrowing ( ) 2. A. advice ( ) 3. A. couldn't ( ) 4. A. words ( ) 5. A. Some ( ) 6. A. die ( ) 7. A. still ( ) 8. A. closed ( ) 9. A. white ( ) 10. A. herself | B. publishing B. experiences B. needn't B. letters B. Much B. stop B. yet B. opened B. red B. himself | C. reading C. thoughts C. mustn't C. pages C. Enough C. last C. always C. turned on C. grey C. him | D. lending D. family D. wouldn't D. books D. More D. remain D. then D. turned off D. yellow D. her |