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浮士德和梅菲斯特是怎样的形象?

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浮士德是欧洲上升时期资产阶级先进知识分子的艺术典型,也是文艺复兴以来数百年间资产阶级人道主义者、启蒙思想家和理想开明君主的象征。他有较高的文化教养和渊博的知识,充满反抗封建、追求真理、努力不懈的奋斗精神,但在思想性格上也表现出资产阶级的两重性。他留恋人世的欢乐和享受,又极力想从平庸的生活中解脱出来,去探索崇高的理想。他追求美好的理想,但在前进的道路上也曾有过迷误。不过,他的永不满足、顽强进取的精神居于主导地位。在前进的道路上,他从种种歧途和错误中努力克服自身的矛盾,战胜物质享受、爱情欢乐、名誉地位等种种诱惑,不断地向崇高的境界飞驰,终于探索到人生的社会理想。这正是上升时期资产阶级先进知识分子典型的精神特征。浮士德的理想也有一定局限性。他的人生理想是争取个人的“自由与生存”,而不是社会的解放。他的理想社会是回避社会革命,在保存现有制度的前提下,用改造自然来完善社会,用劳动建成人间乐园,这实际上是理想化的资产阶级王国。魔鬼靡菲斯特是与浮士德对立的反面人物,代表否定和毁灭,是恶的化身。他以危害人类的宗旨,处心积虑地引诱浮士德陷入歧途。他诱使浮士德酗酒胡闹,一手导演丁玛甘泪的悲剧,倡议滥发纸币造成金钱的罪恶,帮助封建王朝 * * 反叛,维护腐朽统治,烧毁寺院、树林,在公海上大肆掠夺,在他身上集中体现了资本主义原始积累时期虚无妄为、冷酷凶残的资产阶级冒险家的罪恶本质。同时,他更是资产阶级个人物欲、利己主义的精神象征。如果说浮士德代表了资产阶级积极进取的“善”的一面,那么,靡菲斯特则代表了资产阶级灵魂中“恶”的一面。

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Any normal species would be delighted at the prospect of cloning. No more nasty surprises like sickle cell or Down syndrome--just batch after batch of high-grade and, genetically speaking, immortal offspring! But representatives of the human species are responding as if someone had proposed adding Satanism to the grade-school Curriculum. Suddenly, perfectly secular folks are throwing around words like sanctity and retrieving medieval-era arguments against the pride of science. No one has proposed burning him at the stake, but the poor fellow who induced a human embryo to double itself has virtually recanted proclaiming his reverence for human life in a voice, this magazine reported," choking with emotion."

There is an element of hypocrisy to much of the anti-cloning furor, or if not hypocrisy, superstition. The fact is we are already well down the path leading to genetic manipulation of the creepiest sort. Life-forms can be patented, which means they can be bought and sold and potentially traded on the commodities markets. Human embryos are life-forms, and there is nothing to stop anyone from marketing them now, on the same shelf with the Cabbage Patch dolls.

In fact, any culture that encourages in vitro fertilization has no right to complain about a market in embryos. The assumption behind the in vitro industry is that some people’s genetic material is worth more than others’ and deserves to be reproduced at any expense. Millions of low-income babies die every year from preventable ills like dysentery, while heroic efforts go into maintaining yuppie zygotes in test tubes at the unicellular stage. This is the dread "nightmare” of eugenics in familiar, marketplace form which involves breeding the best-paid instead of the best. Cloning technology is an almost inevitable byproduct of in vitro fertilization. Once you decide to go to the trouble of in vitro, with its potentially hazardous megadoses of hormones for the female partner and various indignities for the male, you might as well make a few backup copies of any viable embryo that’s produced. And once you’ve got the backup organ copies, why not keep a few in the freezer, in case Junior ever needs a new kidney or cornea

The critics of cloning say we should know what we’re getting into, with all its Orwellian implications. But if we decide to outlaw cloning, we should understand the implications of that. We would be saying in effect that we prefer to leave genetic destiny to the crap shooting of nature, despite sickle-cell anemia and Tay-Sachs and all the rest, because ultimately we don’t trust the market to regulate life itself. And this may be the hardest thing of all to acknowledge: that it isn’t so much 21st century technology we fear, as what will happen to that technology in the hands of old-fashioned 20th century capitalism.

It is implied in the 3rd paragraph that it is()

A. dishonest to deny some genetic manipulations

B. impractical to change our genetic destiny

C.dangerous to prepare backup copies

D. irrational to oppose financial operations