问题 论述题

改革开放以来,中 * * 党的每届三中全会都以改革开放为主旋律,推出了一个个事关全局宏观战略的重大决策。阅读材料,回答问题。

材料一  1984年10月召开的十二届三中全会通过了《中 * * 关于经济体制改革的决定》,突破了把计划经济同商品经济对立起来的传统观念,确认我国社会主义经济是“公有制基础上的有计划的商品经济”。1993年11月召开的十四届三中全会审议并通过了《中 * * 关于建立社会主义市场经济体制若干问题的决定》,为社会主义市场经济体制构建起基本框架。

2003年10月召开的十六届三中全会通过的《中 * * 关于完善社会主义市场经济体制若干问题的决定》,明确了以科学发展观为统领的社会经济体制改革的目标。

材料二  2013年11月9日党的十八届三中全会在北京召开,会议审议并通过了《中 * * 关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》。全会认为改革开放是党在新的时代条件下带领全国各族人民进行的新的伟大革命,是当代中国最鲜明的特色,是决定当代中国命运的关键抉择,是党和人民事业大踏步赶上时代的重要法宝。面对新形势新任务,全面建成小康社会,进而建成富强民主文明和谐的社会主义现代化国家、实现中 * * 伟大复兴的中国梦,必须在新的历史起点上全面深化改革。

(1)运用“意识”的有关知识,分析材料中历次三中全会的《决定》对促进社会主义市场经济的建立和发展中的作用。(9分)

(2)结合材料二,运用历史唯物主义的有关知识,分析说明十八届三中全会作出全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定的正确性。(12分)

答案

(1)(9分)①意识活动具有目的性、自觉选择性和主动创造性。全会的历次《决定》都为我国经济体制的改革提出了具体的目标和思路,同时逐步深化了对市场经济本质和规律的认识。(3分)

②正确的意识对改造客观世界具有促进作用。每届三中全会的《决定》都为我国市场经济体制的改革和完善指明了方向,推动着改革向纵深发展。(3分)

③意识对人体生理活动具有调节和控制作用。每届三中全会的重大决策,动员了人民、凝聚了力量,成为深化改革的强大动力。(3分)

(2)(12分)①社会存在决定社会意识,社会意识具有相对独立性。该决定既反映了时代发展的要求,又有利于实现中 * * 伟大复兴的中国梦。(3分)

②生产关系一定要适合生产力状况的规律,上层建筑一定要适合经济基础状况的规律是社会发展的基本规律。(2分)改革是发展中国特色社会主义的强大动力。(2分)深化改革,是自觉遵循上述基本规律、建成社会主义现代化国家的必然要求。(2分)

③人民群众是历史的创造者。全面深化改革是坚持群众观点和群众路线,更好地实现人民根本利益的要求。(3分)

(主观题答案只要言之有理,即可酌情给分)

题目分析:(1)该题需要根据材料内容概括历次三中全会作出的《决定》对促进社会主义市场经济的建立与发展所起的作用,根据不同作用的表现说明体现了意识的哪些道理。可以从意识能够能动的认识世界、能动的改造世界、对人体的生理活动具有调节和控制作用三个不同角度具体分析。

(2)该题的原理范围大致固定,历史唯物主义的原理具体包括哪些需要学生准确、熟练掌握和灵活运用。可以从社会存在与社会意识的辩证关系、社会基本矛盾运动、人民群众的历史地位等方面分析全面深化改革决策的正确性。

判断题
阅读理解

Do your children always sit still and watch TV? If so, you should be very alert!

Nowadays, children watch television for long hours. They often spend evenings watching their favorite programs on TV. Sometimes they might stay up late to watch TV. Their addiction to television results in their not having time to play or do exercise. They should go outside with friends or spend time reading books. Moreover, watching television too much is harmful to their eyesight.

Researchers claim that attention deficit disorders in children are a result of watching too much television. They say that watching television leads to a developmental disorder in the part of the brain which is responsible for language skills. Children who watch television more and read less have greater difficulty paying attention and concentrating. Children that spend long hours watching television are more likely to be affected by attention deficit disorders.

Television is one form of media which is used to show all kinds of products. Watching too much television can lead to early exposure to a wide variety of things. Television advertisements may cause children to behave incorrectly or damage themselves. Advertisements about fast food, cold drinks or other such products that are not good for children’s health can have a bad effect on them. Some TV shows and films also affect how children think and behave.

Studies in psychology have shown that certain programs can have a long-lasting effect on children’s minds. Horror scenes and other frightening shows can have a negative effect on the minds of children watching them.

Television is a means of recreation but watching it too often is harmful to children’s physical and mental health. You need to help you children deep a balance of everything in life.

小题1:The underlined word “deficit ” in the third paragraph most probably means _____.

A.need

B.habit

C.fear

D.lack小题2:It’s implied in the last paragraph that you should ______.

A.decide on when children can watch television

B.give children more time to play

C.help you children balance everyday life

D.stop you children from watching TV小题3:What is the passage mainly about?

A.The bad effects watching TV has on children.

B.How many hours children should spend watching TV.

C.How advertisements affect children’s behavior.

D.What scenes children should not watch on TV.小题4:Which of the following are the effects of watching too much TV according to the passage?

a. causing children to have less time to read good books.

b. making children behave improperly

c. harming children’s eyesight

d. affecting the parent-child relationship

A.a, b, d

B.b, c, d

C.a, b, c

D.a, c, d