问题 名词解释

拜伦式的英雄

答案

参考答案:

1813—1816年,拜伦写了《东方叙事诗》,塑造了一系列的“拜伦式的英雄”。《东方叙事诗》是一组典型的浪漫诗,包括《异教徒》、《海岛》等篇。这些诗以抒情格调为主,抒发诗人自己的感受,诗中描写的环境和情节,都是东方或南欧的,充满异国情调,情节富有传奇性,比较紧张。诗中的主人公都是与社会对立的、孤独的反叛者,被称为“拜伦式的英雄”。这些人物有非凡的性格,追求自由、独立,敢于蔑视现存制度,不向社会妥协,顽强坚定,宁愿为自由而死,不屈辱而生。但同时又十分高傲、孤独,脱离群众,个人奋斗,因而往往前途渺茫,悲愤忧郁,注定悲剧的结局。他们既是社会的叛逆者,又是社会的牺牲者。这些形象反映了当时诗人自身的苦闷失望情绪和渴求斗争的意愿,表达了广大资产阶级民主主义者的思想感情,又巨大的进步意义。但作者写的这些英雄是个人主义英雄,追求的是个人的自由幸福,表现出无政府主义和忧郁悲观的情绪,反映了诗人思想的局限。

单项选择题
单项选择题

A bite of a cookie containing peanuts could cause the airway to constrict fatally. Sharing a toy with another child who had earlier eaten a peanut butter and jelly sandwich could raise a case of hives. A peanut butter cup dropped in a Halloween bag could contaminate the rest of the treats, posing an unknown risk.

These are the scenarios that "make your bone marrow turn cold" according to L. Val Giddings, vice president for food and agriculture of the Biotechnology Industry Organization. Besides representing the policy interests of food biotech companies in Washington, D. C., Giddings is the father of a four-year-old boy with a severe peanut allergy. Peanuts are only one of the most allergenic foods; estimates of the number of people who experience a reaction to the beans hover around 2 percent of the population.

Giddings says that peanuts are only one of several foods that biotechnologists are altering genetically in an attempt to eliminate the proteins that do great harm to some people’s immune systems. Although soy allergies do not usually cause life-threatening reactions, the scientists are also targeting soybeans, which can be found in two thirds of all manufactured food, making the supermarket a minefield for people allergic to soy. Biotechnologists are focusing on wheat, too, and might soon expand their research to the rest of the "big eight" allergy-inducing foods: tree nuts, milk, eggs, shellfish and fish.

Last September, for example, Anthony J. Kinney, a crop genetics researcher at DuPont Experimental Station in Wilmington, Del., and his colleagues reported using a technique called RNA interference (RNAi) to silence the genes that encode p34, a protein responsible for causing 65 percent of all soybean allergies. RNAi exploits the mechanism that cells use to protect themselves against foreign genetic material; it causes a cell to destroy RNA transcribed from a given gene, effectively turning off the gene.

Whether the public will accept food genetically modified to be low-allergen is still unknown. Courtney Chabot Dreyer, a spokesperson for Pioneer Hi-Bred International, a subsidiary of DuPont, says that the company will conduct studies to determine whether a promising market exists for low allergen soy before developing the seeds for sale to farmers. She estimates that Pioneer Hi-Bred is seven years away from commercializing the altered soybeans.

Doug Gurian-Sherman, scientific director of the biotechnology project at the Center for Science in the Public Interest—a group that has advocated enhanced Food and Drug Administration oversight for genetically modified foods—comments that his organization would not oppose low-allergen foods if they prove to be safe. But he wonders about "identity preservation" a term used in the food industry to describe the deliberate separation of genetically engineered and no nengineered products. A batch of nonengineered peanuts or soybeans might contaminate machinery reserved for low-allergen versions, he suggests, reducing the benefit of the gene-altered food. Such issues of identity preservation could make low-allergen genetically modified foods too costly to produce, Chabot Dreyer admits. But, she says, "it’s still too early to see if that’s true. \

According to the text, which of the following statements is true()

A. Genetically modified foods have been supervised by the authority

B. Genetically modified foods have proved to be safe

C. The nonengineered foods absolutely can be contaminated by the engineered foods

D. The engineered foods are immediately profitable for the food companies