问题 问答题 简答题

道德的本质、功能和作用是什么?

答案

参考答案:

本质:道德作为一种特殊的社会意识形式,归根到底是由经济基础决定的,是社会经济关系

的反映。

功能:

1.道德的功能是指道德作为社会意识的特殊形式对于社会发展所具有的功效与能力。

2.道德的功能集中表现为,它是处理个人与他人、个人与社会之间关系的行为规范及实现自我完善的一种重要精神力量。

3.在道德的功能系统中,主要的功能是认识功能和调节功能。

4.道德的认识功能是指道德反映反映社会现实特别是反映社会经济关系的功效与能力。

5.道德的调节功能是指道德通过评价等方式,指导和纠正人们的实践活动,协调人们之间关系的功效与能力。

作用:道德功能的发挥和实现所产生的社会影响及实际效果,就是道德的社会作用。

1)道德能够影响经济基础的形成、巩固和发展

2)道德对其他社会意识形态的存在和发展有着重大的影响

3)道德是影响社会生产力发展的一种重要的精神力量

4)道德通过调整人们之间的关系维护社会秩序和稳定

5)道德是提高人的精神境界、促进人的自我完善、推动人的全面发展的内在动力

6)在阶级社会中,道德是阶级斗争的重要工具道德发挥作用的性质由道德反映的经济基础、代表的阶级利益所决定。只有反映先进生产力的要求和进步阶级利益的道德,才会对社会的发展和人的素质的提高产生积极的推动作用,否则,就不利于甚至阻碍社会的发展和人的素质的提高。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Most people know that a wedding ring is symbolic of the bond of love and commitment between two

people. But not everyone knows about the history behind this small yet powerful symbol. The history of

the wedding ring goes back not just hundreds but thousands of years. No other currently practiced wedding

tradition has been around as long.

     The Egyptians were the first recorded civilization to use the wedding ring. In Egyptian hieroglyphics

(象形文字), a circle represented eternity because there's no beginning and no end. Once a woman accepted

the ring she became the "property" of the person who gave it to her and she was in a sense "his". The first

wedding ring could have been made of braided grass or hay (which would have been changed often), ivory,

bone, or leather. Eventually, metal was used, but the first wedding bands were in the completely natural state

and rough. However, the wedding rings always expressed the same eternal and lasting love.

     The Egyptians wore the wedding ring on the left hand because it was believed that a vein (静脉) in the

left hand went straight to the heart. This tradition is still commonly practiced today in most parts of the world

largely for practical purposes(most people are right handed). It is worn on the fourth finger of the left hand.

But there are some countries and groups which do not follow this tradition. In the Jewish faith, the wedding

ring is put on the index finger. Roman Catholics traditionally wore their wedding band on the right hand, and

in many countries and regions in Europe some people still follow this tradition.

     It is interesting to note that in the long history of the wedding ring, it is only in the last century that men

began to wear them. However, now both men and women show their love and commitment by exchanging

rings on their wedding day.

     Once you begin shopping for rings you may be amazed by the choices that await you. There are several

different types of metals: traditional gold, white gold, platinum, and titanium. You can have an inscription put

on the inside of the band if you like. Some people are even choosing a tattoo band. The styles vary from a

simple yet elegant band to an elaborate (精巧的) ring covered with jewels. If you do not buy the wedding and

engagement rings as a set, you will want to be sure the styles can match perfectly. Choose carefully because

this choice will need to stand the test of eternity.

1. What's the best title for this passage? [ ]

A. History of rings.

B. Interesting facts about rings.

C. Different beliefs about rings.

D. The meaning of the rings.

2. What may the word "eternity" in paragraph 2 probably mean? [ ]

A. Elegance

B. Marriage

C. Wedding

D. Foreverness

3. Which is NOT true according to the passage? [ ]

A. The meaning of the rings remained unchanged.

B. Jewish are so faithful to their beliefs to wear rings on the fourth finger.

C. One should be careful of choosing a ring in a shop from different kinds.

D. Now most people in the world still follow Roman Catholics traditionally.

4. What can we infer from the passage? [ ]

A. Men were looked down upon by women for thousands years.

B. Only women have the right to make themselves beautiful.

C. Women wore rings thousands of years earlier than men.

D. You can have an inscription put on the inside the band.

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