问题 问答题

一辆汽车以36km/h的速度匀速行驶10s,然后又以1.5m/s2的加速度匀加速行驶10s.求:

(1)汽车在20s内的位移;

(2)汽车在15s末的瞬时速度;

(3)汽车在20s内的平均速度.

答案

汽车的初速度:v0=36km/h=10m/s

(1)汽车在20s内的位移分为匀速运动位移和匀加速运动位移:

前10s内匀速运动的位移x1=v0t=10×10m=100m

后10s内做匀加速运动的位移:x2=v0t+

1
2
at2=10×10+
1
2
×1.5×102m=175m

故汽车在前20s内的总位移:x=x1+x2=100+175m=275m

(2)由题意知汽车运动前10s做匀速运动,故15s末是汽车做匀加速运动5s末的瞬时速度,根据速度时间关系有:

v1=v0+at=10+1.5×5m/s=17.5m/s

(3)根据平均速度公式,汽车在前20s内的平均速度:

.
v
=
x
t
=
275
20
m/s=13.75m/s

答:(1)汽车在20s内的位移为275m;

(2)汽车在15s末的瞬时速度为17.5m/s;

(3)汽车在20s内的平均速度为13.75m/s.

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