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问题 单项选择题

下列措施中符合“供给侧改革”要求的有（）

①调整优化产业结构，发展服务业，提高经济增长质量与效益

②降低商业银行存贷款基准利率和存款准备金率，促进需求增长

③提高出口退税率，支持外贸稳定增长

④完善市场体系，构建激励机制，提高生产要素利用效率

A、②③

B、①④

C、①②③④

D、①②④

答案

参考答案：B

解析：

“降低商业银行存贷款基准利率和存款准备金率，促进需求增长”属于刺激需求侧的措施，“提高出口退税率，支持外贸稳定增长”属于扩大出口需求，也是刺激需求侧的措施，与材料要求的供给侧措施不符，故排除。①④符合题意，所以答案选B。

【点评】利息、利率与本金；宏观调控

【考点】利息、利率与本金；宏观调控

判断题

自理报检单位需在异地办理报检手续的，无需向报检地的检验检疫机构办理异地备案手续。( )
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填空题

The central problem of economics is to satisfy the people’s and nation’s wants. The problem we are faced with is that our (1) , here identified as money, are (2) . The only way we can resolve our (3) is to make choices. After looking at our resources, we must examine our list of (4) and identify the things we need (5) , those we can postpone, and (6) we cannot afford. As individuals, we face the central problem involved in economics — deciding just how to allocate our limited resources to provide ourselves with the greatest (7) of our wants.
Nations face the same problem. As a country’s population (8) , the need for more goods and services grows (9) . Resources necessary to production may increase, but there are (10) enough resources to satisfy the total desires of a (11) . Whether the budget meeting is taking place in the family living-room, in the conference room of the corporation (12) of directors, or in the chamber of the House of Representatives in Washington, the basic problem still exists. We need to find (13) of allocating limited resources in order to satisfy unlimited wants.
A short time ago, economists divided goods into two categories, free and economic. The former, like air and water, were in (14) abundance that economists had no concern about (15) of scarcity and what to do about it. Today many of these "free goods" are in (16) very expensive to use. Pollution has made clean air and water expensive for producers who have to filter their waste products, for consumers who ultimately pay for the producers’ extra costs, and (17) tax-payers who pay for the government’s involvement in cleaning the environment.
In the 1990s, almost all goods are (18) . Only by effort and money can they be (19) in the form people wish.
Meeting the needs of people and the demands from resources available leads to the basic activity of production. In trying to (20) unlimited wants from limited economic goods, production leads to new problems in economics.
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