问题 单项选择题

以组中值作为各组变量的代表值,假定条件是()。

A.等距分组

B.各组变量在各组中均匀分布

C.各组变量个数相等

D.异距分组

答案

参考答案:B

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Two people sit down to play Go (围棋). One of the players is an old man. He is now 89 years old. He

has spent all of his life playing this game. The other person is a young woman. She has been playing Go for

only three years. Before this, the woman was an expert at playing computer games. Now she plays Go the

same way she played computer games-by becoming a machine herself.

     They will play many games, until they know who the winner is. The woman shows no feelings but

thinking about all the possible ways of placing her next stone. The old man, on the other hand, looks at the

movements of her hands and of her face. This has always helped him to win.

     He wins the first three games. She wins the next game, and the man is surprised. He has never lost to a

woman. The old man worries about the way the young woman is playing the game. He can't read her face; he

does not understand her way of playing.

     "The way I think about the game" says the woman, "is that it is steps for getting what I want." Again, the

old man is surprised. For him, the game is a way of life itself, and not a model of life.

     "There is no more beauty any longer. Everything is science and rules. Everything is about winning. Nothing

is about playing" he says. They cannot agree with each other; but it is not necessary.

     "Change is a necessary part of life" thinks the man.

     "Playing is as important as winning" thinks the woman.

     They start to play their final game.

1. According to the passage, the Go games are played by ______.

A. two Go beginners

B. two Go lovers

C. father and daughter

D. husband and wife

2. Before the woman plays Go, she was ______.

A. a computer game player

B. a computer science teacher

C. a computer engineer

D. a computer store owner

3. Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A. The old man loses the third game to the woman.

B. The old man wins all the games against the woman.

C. The woman has her own way of playing Go.

D. The woman is very slow in learning how to play Go.

4. From the passage we can know ______.

A. the old man doesn't care who the winner is

B. the woman pays no attention to the steps

C. the old man learns something from the woman

D. the woman loses the last game to the old man

5. What is the best title of the passage?

A. An Old Go Player

B. A Strange Woman

C. A Boring Game

D. Winning or Playing?

阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文字,完成(1)~(4)题。

功利性读书

祝勇

  读书是爱书人自我满足的一种方法,实在没有太多值得夸耀的地方。它像呼吸,吃饭一样自然,所以,真正的读书人,并不张扬自己读得多。反过来,炫耀自己读书破万卷的人,未必是真正的读书人。商务印书馆元老王云五先生仅仅将读书视为一种好玩的事情。这样的心态是健康的。读书就是一桩好玩的事情,一次轻松的自我放逐。无聊才读书,这话未必是错。因为正是读书,驱赶了清寂,使脆冷的心房获得了一层温润的苞衣。月长似岁,闲情难忍,如何是好?友人凸凹便在随笔中答曰:“就依自家所好,想办法‘消闲’:可与同道饮黄酒,或串门子道短长,或网开一面与人对弈,或入歌厅卡拉OK……但诸多妙法均有局限,须有物质,须有党朋,须有这方面的技艺和兴味。若首无物质,次无党朋,又无技艺兴味,居家枯坐,便只有向书乞援。不管是什么书,只要读下去了,凝滞的时光,便如涧底的暗流,兀自流走。”至于读书与人的精神境界究竟有着怎样的干系,这个不敢说。因为许多大字不识一筐的普通劳动者,内心亦温暖如秋阳下的田野;而有些肚肠冷于冰雪的大 * * 大佞,倒是饱读过诗书的。话虽如此,读书总还不失为一件好事,好书总是引人向善的罢——但愿如此。但是引人向善也罢,丰富智慧也罢,却都不是一朝一夕的事。饭食使我们长大,而使我们长大的,却很难说是哪一天的饭食。

  故而,读书的兴味,源于反复摩挲中生出的一股热情,是一份得到了开发的天性。读书的佳境,如同爱情一样,是投契,是相许,是沉浸,是融合,来不得半点强求与逼迫。或许正是出于爱书人共通的生命感受,我和林语堂先生一样,讲求性情,反对功利。12月8日——暂时尚无法搞清是哪一年12月8日——林先生在复旦大学演讲,题目是《论读书》,讲得痛快:“今人读书,或为取资格,得学位,在男为娶美女,在女为嫁贤婿;或为做老爷,踢屁股;或为求爵禄,刮地皮;或为做走狗,拟宣言;或为做塾师,骗小孩……诸如此类,都是借读书之名,取利禄之实,皆非读书本旨。亦有人拿父母的钱,上大学,跑百米,拿一块大银盾回家,在我是看不起的,因为这似乎亦非读书本旨。”

  林先生所谈之功利性读书,于今未绝,相反,倒是更丰富了。学堂中的本本主义只是一种,其他各种心态,多系新形势下的新生事物,怕是连林先生都未曾料及。比如,为写作——当然,读书写作,本是一回事,读而后写,亦乃文人本分,只是,当下现炒现卖,做投机生意的,大有人在。常有炮制读书札记的高手,一本书尚未握暖,一篇宏文却早已挥就,急匆匆换稿费去了。这样对书,读与未读,区别不大;这样的文章,怕也值不了几个银两。其次,为装大辩蒜,譬如某君,每每玄谈,皆胡言乱语,状若酒醉:“关于正在解构的后现代主义精神文本的反向叙述以及一种强势的文化互证……”让人觉着比爱斯基摩人的语言还难懂,不禁喟叹:真有学问!好歹总算是一种自我包装罢,没准会蒙上哪个傻瓜蛋,祝他成功。再次,为图省事。名著巨制,卷帙浩繁,通读起来,颇为费力,不如去读些随笔小品,或者一些轻松的短构,甚至一些文摘或者妙言集锦,轻而易举,便“知道”了许多东西。时日一久,经典长卷,便愈发懒得碰触。于是,约翰·克利斯朵夫便在布满蛛网的书架上熬白了头发,老黑格尔的坟头更是荒草成堆。最后,为赶时髦,人读我读,人云我云,怕是落伍,惟不考虑自我的失落。市面上流行的书是永远读不完的,跟踪追击,步步为营,力是费了,“好”未必讨得到,无非是把自己打扮得更入时一点,体会一下瞬间的浪漫罢了,待云烟散尽,眼前依旧空蒙。总之,跟着排行榜走,未必比泡图书馆高明。书有千种,人有千种,读书的感觉,亦有千种,只有读到符合自家心性、气质与欲望的书,才能倍感精神之至美;盲从于他人抑或媒体的牵引,常常会白费光阴。冷书热读,倒是别显几分生趣。一本书倘出版三五年后还有人读,此书便可刮目相看了。因而,在顾准潮退后研读顾准,在“王小波热”冷却后品味“王二”,未必不是一件美事。时间差若打得巧了,一定会有大收获。

  让功利走开,纯然为了取悦心灵而读书,那才真叫享受。书不是挥鞭的强盗,不是高高在上的君主。瑟瑟的清风里,书是妩媚的情侣,温顺的马驹,是杯中的明月,更是幽畅的歌吟。书能让我们觉着活得很好,这就足够了。

(1)下列对这篇散文的理解赏析,不正确的两项是(     )

A.“好书总是引人向善的罢——但愿如此”的意思是好书提供了一扇向善的门,但进不进去却是人自己的事情。

B.“因为正是读书,驱赶了清寂,使脆冷的心房获得了一层温润的苞衣。”这是说读书使人不再寂寞,也使人不再害怕外界的诱惑。

C.打读书的时间差是经过时间考验的书籍较之未经时间考验的书籍来说,其可读性和价值会相对较大一些。

D.在作者看来,读书是一种天性,是勉强不来的,因为读书是爱书人自我满足的一种方法。

E.作者也是一个爱书人,因此才深知读书之乐。作者在劝慰真正爱书之读者的同时,也批评了功利性读书之人,也通过这两种读书的对比,阐述了读书的本旨。

(2)第三段中举例评述了“其他各种心态”,请用自己的语言分条概括一下有哪几种心态。

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(3)请结合原文,解释下列语句在文中的含意。

①凝滞的时光,便如涧底的暗流,兀自流走。

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②书不是挥鞭的强盗,不是高高在上的君主。

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(4)请结合文章内容,说说读书的真正目的是什么?并谈谈你对“功利性读书”的看法。

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