问题 问答题 简答题

简述卫生事业管理常用的研究方法。

答案

参考答案:

卫生事业管理常用的研究方法:

(1)实态性调查研究,它是直接从自然存在的社会现象中,或从人们的认识和行为中搜集资料,记录事实,即通过不同的方式获取有关客观存在事实的资料,通过分析以找出其规律或发现问题的方法。卫生管理中最常用的实态性调查研究方法是现况调查。

(2)实验研究,卫生管理中常用的是类实验研究(或称自然实验研究),即一项实验研究缺少一个或几个特征,如不设对照组或设对照组,但不是随机的,单项试点研究即不设对照组的实验研究。

(3)分析研究,在卫生管理中,有计划、有目的地收集国内外各种已有资料,依据所要研究问题的目的,对其进行分析,以找出卫生管理决策及管理过程的科学依据,是较常用的研究方法。

(4)理论研究,卫生管理是一门实践性较强的学科,管理经验有其独特重要的位置,因此,把实践经验上升为理论,是卫生管理研究的内容之一;另外,国内外历史上的政策、法规等、企业管理经验的借鉴,都可以作为理论研究的内容。

阅读理解

In a great many cities, hundreds of people ride bikes to work every day. In New York, some bike riders have even formed a group called Bike for a Better City. They declare that if more people rode bikes to work, there would be fewer automobiles in the downtown part of the city and so less dirty air from car engines.

For several years, this group had been trying to get the city government to help bike riders. For example, they want the city to draw special lanes(车道) for bikes on some of the main streets, because when bike riders must use the same lanes as cars there are accidents. Bike for a Better City feels that if there were special lanes, more people would use bikes.

But no bike lanes have been drawn. Not everyone thinks it is a good idea—they say it will slow traffic. Some store owners on the main streets don’t like the idea—they say that if there is less traffic, they will have less business.

The city government has not yet decided what to do. It wants to keep everyone happy. On weekends, Central Park—the largest place open ground in New York— is closed to cars, and the roads may be used by bikes only.

小题1:In New York, a group of bike riders__________.

A.are keeping practicing for health

B.have no cars of their own

C.are complaining there are not enough buses

D.are trying to settle the problem of air pollution小题2:The bike riders suggest that __________.

A.bikes should be used instead of cars

B.bike lanes should be drawn

C.fewer buses or cars should be used

D.the number of special lanes should be decreased小题3:The advantage of the special lanes is that__________.

A.they will make cars and buses run slowly

B.they will make it easier for bike riders to go to parks

C.they will make the city more beautiful

D.they will prevent accidents

多项选择题