问题 问答题 简答题

取心过程中发生卡钻的原因有哪些?

答案

参考答案:

(1)由于割不断岩心,人为地进行干钻时;时间过长或措施不当。

(2)钻具或取心工具在钻进中产生泥浆短路后未及时发现,长时间进行干钻。

(3)钻井液性能不好,井壁坍塌掉块或泥饼过厚,钻具静置时间过长。

(4)泥浆泵不上水,未及时发现或凑和钻进,干钻后卡钻。

(5)割心前投球送球时,未及时活动钻具。

(6)连续取心时,未及时划眼,将钻头塞入小井眼(一般在连续几筒心后可下牙轮钻头,划眼一次,修整井眼)。

(7)钻具或取心工具折断后,打捞不及时或措施不当。

(8)下钻速度过快,取心钻头插入砂桥中后将水眼堵死,下到底不能循环,造成起钻遇卡。

阅读理解

Frogs are animals that can live both in water and on land. There are more than 5,000 kinds of frogs on the earth. The earliest known frogs lived about 190 million years ago and the frogs today still look the same. Here are some fun things that you might not know about frogs. Enjoy!

The Biggest and the Smallest Frogs

Some frogs can be very big. The biggest kind of frog is the Goliath Frog in West Africa. Its body can be nearly 30cm long, about the size of a large cat. The Gold Frog and the Poison Frog are the smallest frogs in the world. They are less than 1cm long. Though the Poison Frog is very small, it is not weak at all. It is dangerous. Any animal that eats it will die very soon.

The Best Jumpers

Frogs are very good at jumping. They developed jumping legs so that they would not be eaten by other large animals. Using their big strong legs, more frogs can jump over 20 times their own length. The Australian Rocket Frog can even jump over 2m, which is 50 times its body length (5.5 cm). That might be the reason why frogs are called the best jumpers on the earth.

The Cryogenic Animal

Some frogs like the Common Wood Frog have a special ability to live in very cold places. When the temperature goes down, they become ice frogs. 2/3of their body water freezes. Their hearts stop, and their breathing stops too. You may think they are dead, but in fact they are not. Maybe we humans can learn the way that the frogs do for medical purpose.

小题1:The earliest frogs lived about          million years ago.

A.20

B.30

C.50

D.190小题2:      can jump over 2m.

A.The Goliath Frog

B.The Common Wood Frog

C.The Poison Frog

D.The Australian Rocket Frog小题3:What will happen to a Common Wood Frog at very low temperature?

A.It will die very soon.

B.It will be an ice frog.

C.It will become dangerous.

D.It will become very small.

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