问题 单项选择题

“卡尔多·希克斯改进”是经济学家提出的一个描述收入分配和资源配置状态的经济模型,旨在确立一项衡量经济政策和行为成功与否的标准。其特点是,在一种变革中,获益者得到的利益足以弥补利益受损失者的损失。它要求一项经济政策能够从长远提高全社会的效率。下列事项中,符合“卡尔多·希克斯改进”的是()

①国家扩大营改增范围,财政收入有所减少,但部分企业经济效益因此提高

②市政府向社会购买养老服务,政府收入减少,但社会公益事业得到更好发展

③国家完善初次分配中个人所得税制,中低收入者收入增加,但高收入者缴税增多

④某地提高最低工资标准,企业近期利润可能减少,但劳动者收入可能提高

A、①②

B、②③

C、③④

D、①④

答案

参考答案:D

解析:材料中强调了“在一种变革中,获益者得到的利益足以弥补利益受损失者的损失。它要求一项经济政策能够从长远提高全社会的效率”,注意关键词是“获益者得到的利益足以弥补利益受损失者的损失”,①④符合题意,获益者得到的利益足以弥补利益受损失者的损失,并且能够从长远提高全社会的效率;②③和提高社会的效率无关。【点评】关于“收入分配公平”存在下列认识误区:(1)收入分配公平就是坚持平均主义。平均主义不问劳动和付出的多少,一味强调报酬的均等,这实际上背离了公平原则。(2)收入分配的公平就是要消除收入差距。分配公平是要求社会成员之间的收入差距不能过于悬殊,将收入差距控制在合理的范围之内,并不是要消除收入差距。借收入分配公平而消除收入差距,必然陷入平均主义。

阅读理解

LOS ANGELES--- Two lost hikers who survived three nights in mountains thanks to supplies at a campsite of another hiker who disappeared last year described their suffering, saying they had “the real special thank” for the man who is probably dead.

The couple, Allen, 24, and Brandon Day, 28, were in Southern California for an important conference. They got lost on Saturday west of Palm Springs after wandering off a trail during what was supposed to be a day hike.

Prepared only for a brief hike, they wore light jackets and tennis shoes and had no food, spare clothing or mobile phone. With night closing in, they took shelter in a small cave and spent the night sleepless, freezing and hungry.

On Monday, they discovered a campsite in a dead valley. There was a sleeping mat, a backpack, a disposable razor(一次性剃刀), a spoon and tennis shoes. Day and Allen were delighted, thinking someone there could help them find the way out. But later they realized the place was deserted.

They found identification showing the camper was Donovan, 60, a retired social worker from Virginia. They learned later in his diary that he was an experienced hiker and he disappeared on May 2, 2005, in icy weather.

They found articles in his backpack: a warm sweater for Allen, dry socks for Day and matches. They lit a small signal fire to attract a helicopter crew in the distance, but the crew did not see them.

On Tuesday morning, Day created “a really big smoke signal” that finally attracted a helicopter crew. They were examined at a hospital and had only bruises(擦伤).

“We feel great. We’re thankful. We feel like we’ve been given a second chance,” said Day, who expressed that they wouldn’t give up hiking even after this experience.

1. The passage most probably appears in ________.

A. an advertisement             B. a newspaper    C. a travel guidebook        D. a travel journal

2. Why did Allen and Day go to Southern California?

A. To go for a short hiking in mountains.    B. To search for the hiker missing a year ago.

C. To attend an important conference.      D. To enjoy the scenery of Palm Springs.

3. Which of the things the couple found helped them the most?

A. Tennis shoes.      B. A sleeping mat.        C. a warm sweater.     D. Matches.

4. Which of the following statements is TURE?

A. The couple realized the campsite was deserted the moment they found it.

B. The couple at first thought the person in the camp could help them out.

C. It was the icy weather that led to Donovan’s disappearance and death.

D. This experience would prevent the couple hiking again in future.

单项选择题