问题 问答题 案例分析题

阅读下列材料:

材料一至于神,我们既然无法真切地感受他们是否存在,也不知道他们到底长什么样子,有许多东西是我们认识不了的。

人是万物的尺度,是存在的事物存在的尺度,也是不存在的事物不存在的尺度。

——普罗塔戈拉

材料二美术家们的思想逐渐从长期的基督教神学的桎梏中解放出来,敢于探索,一方面从希腊、罗马的古典艺术中吸取营养;另一方面通过实践和科学的探索,发明了透视法,解决了在平面上真实地表现三度空间的方法;同时,改革了油画材料和技法,大大地提高了油画的艺术表现力,使西方绘画描绘客观对象的技巧得到了空前的提高,产生了波提切利、达·芬奇、米开朗琪罗、拉斐尔、乔尔乔涅、提香、荷尔拜因等一批成绩卓著的画家。

材料三灵魂得救只须靠个人虔诚的信仰,根本不需要教会的繁琐仪式。上帝的恩典是上帝给人的礼物,只有上帝才能赦免罪人。信徒得救不靠行为,全凭信仰。要得救上天堂,不靠教会或行善,更不靠赎罪券。

——《路德选集》

材料四当立法权和行 * * 集中在同一个人或同一个机关之手,自由便不复存在了;因为人们将要害怕这个国王或议会制定暴虐的法律,并暴虐地执行这些法律。如果司法权不同立法权和行 * * 分立,自由也就不存在了。如果司法权和立法权合而为一,则将对公民的生命和自由施行专断的权力,因为法官就是立法者。如果司法权同行 * * 合而为一,法官便将握有压迫者的力量。

——孟德斯鸠《论法的精神》

依据材料四,结合所学知识,概括启蒙运动是如何进一步发展人文主义思想的。

答案

参考答案:

反对专制制度;提倡三权分立(或分权);宣扬理性主义;提出“天赋 * * ”。

解析:材料四阐述了启蒙运动时期孟德斯鸠的三权分立思想。依据“当立法权和行 * * 集中在同一个人或同一个机关之手,自由便不复存在了”并结合所学知启蒙运动进一步发展人文主义思想主要体现在反对专制制度;提倡三权分立(或分权);宣扬理性主义;提出“天赋 * * ”等方面。

选择题
完形填空
I still remember my first day in the U.S. very clearly. My friend was waiting for me when my plane landed at Kennedy Airport at three o’clock in the afternoon. The weather was very      and it was snowing, but I was too excited to      _. From the airport, my friend and I        a taxi to my          . On the way I saw the skyline of Manhattan for the      _time and I stared in surprise at the famous skyscrapers and their man-made       . Helping me unpack at the hotel, my friend left and       to return the next day.
       my friend had left, I went to a      near the hotel to get something to eat. Since I couldn’t speak a single      of English, I couldn’t tell the       what I wanted. I was very upset and started to make some    , but he didn’t understand me. Finally, I ordered the same thing the man at the next table was      . After dinner, I started to walk along Broadway       I came to Times Square with its theatres, neon lights, and crowds of people. I didn’t feel tired, so I       to walk around the city. I wanted to see     _on my first day, although I knew it was impossible.
When I    to the hotel, I couldn’t fall asleep, lay    and thought about New York. It was a very big and amazing city with many high-rise buildings and streams of cars, and full of      and busy people. I also decided right then that I had to learn to       English.
小题1:
A.hotB. warmC. coldD. cool
小题2:
A.lookB. listenC. enjoyD. mind
小题3:
A.satB. tookC. rodeD. used
小题4:
A.homeB. hotelC. officeD. school
小题5:
A.firstB. oneC. lastD. only
小题6:
A.satellitesB. lakesC. beautyD. parks
小题7:
A.advisedB. likedC. promisedD. hoped
小题8:
A.Before longB. Shortly afterC. SoonD. Then
小题9:
A.restaurantB. shopC. supermarketD. pub
小题10:
A.letterB. wordC. sentenceD. phrase
小题11:
A.bossB. cookC. waiterD. waitress
小题12:
A.voicesB. suggestionsC. soundsD. gestures
小题13:
A.lookingB. orderingC. pickingD. eating
小题14:
A.untilB. whenC. beforeD. after
小题15:
A.triedB. stoppedC. decidedD. continued
小题16:
A.anythingB. everythingC. somethingD. some things
小题17:
A.cameB. wentC. returnedD. arrived
小题18:
A.asleepB. awakeC. afraidD. alive
小题19:
A.noiseB. voicesC. streetsD. places
小题20:
A.sayB. talkC. speakD. tell