问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面文章,完成以下题目

父爱,在我的名字里

金翔

我一直很羡慕那些从小就得到父爱并懂得父爱的人。

因为我对父爱的认识是经过长期的恨才转化过来的。

我的名字不是父亲取的。父亲是一个地地道道的农民,一个地地道道的文盲。在我满月的时候,父亲特意请来乡里一个挺出名的算命先生,得知我五行缺金,又因为父亲希望我长大有出息,能够跳出穷山村,于是算命先生便给我掐出这样一个名字:金翔。然而,就因为这个名字,我的童年很孤寂——小伙伴们常玩的“打仗”游戏,是不会让我加入其中的——他们会咬文嚼字般地说:金——翔,今天要投降,多不吉利呀!于是就把我一个人孤零零地晾在一旁。那种感受是父亲所顾及不到的。

父亲的脾气不好,也不知是因为没进一天学堂,还是由于成天忙于繁重的农活却仍无法摆脱贫困,而造成他长年阴沉着脸和暴躁的性情。加上那望子成龙的心切,便构成他对我独特的管教方式——娃儿的出息是骂出来打出来的!而我对父亲的恨,也正是在这一次次的打骂中,不断加剧加深的。尽管我的学习成绩应验了他那句全村闻名的“至理名言”。为此,我时常想,也许就因为这种应验现象,才使我的童年和少年时代都是在父亲的“至理名言”中度过。

所以,当我接到大学录取通知书的时候,一口气冲上山顶,哭了,不是为自己十年寒窗将获得美好前途,成为全村羡慕的第一个大学生,而是为自己终于可以脱离父亲管制,实现不想见到他的梦想而喜极而泣!所以,对向来节俭的父亲大办酒席,忙着招待前来祝贺的乡亲的那个高兴劲儿不屑一顾;所以,在冲出家门的时候,我是那样急急迫迫而义无反顾,一点也不顾及父亲的黯然神伤……

在省城念书的前两年,我没有回过一次家,没有认真给父亲写过一封信,就连每次收到他托人寄来的生活费,我也只是应付地写上“钱已收到,勿挂念”之类短语。直到大三那年,直到父亲托人给我写来一封书信时,我的灵魂和良知才受到了一次强烈的震撼,我才开始懂得该如何去阅读和咀嚼在自己生命中那一再被忽略的、仇恨的沉重的父爱。

信是父亲找上初中的小侄子写来的,没什么要紧事,只是问我好不好而已。可信写了满满几页,只因小侄子详细地讲明了父亲来信的原因,说是父亲那晚做了一个梦,仅仅因为老家流传一种说法,说是梦见大牙掉是要死亲人的。而父亲首先想到的是他离家在外求学的儿子。

读到这里,我对迷信父亲的所举,嗤之以鼻,甚至愤然。信的最后,小侄子讲了一个令他惊讶不已的事,说他就在铺开纸,提笔欲写时,却因一时记不起我的大名而猛然顿住了,结果遭到父亲的训斥:“亏你狗崽子还念了这么多书,记性也忒赖,叫——金翔!”“金——翔”于是小侄子一边念叨一边写在纸上。“写错了!写错了!……”小侄子说当时父亲望着他刚写下的名字大声喊道,紧接着,从他手里夺过笔,在纸上硬梆梆地写下“金翔”两个字后,呐呐地低语:“我这一辈子只识这两个字!”小侄子说他当时惊得说不出话来。他说,要知道,全村人都知道二爷他老人家一字不识,包括他自己的名字呀!

这就是父爱!除了父爱,便再也无法解释这种奇异而真实的现象!那一刻,我那被对父亲的恨包裹着的已经变得无知、粗砺与麻木的灵魂,被深深地灼痛了,苏醒了!我禁不住地泪流满面,双手捧着书信、朝着家乡,蓦然下跪——向父亲,向对我一生付出了大爱却得不到理解、更别说回报的父亲忏悔,忏悔……

(《散文选刊》2006年1期)

小题1:“我一直很羡慕那些从小就得到父爱并懂得父爱的人”一句,在文中的作用是什么?

小题2:根据文章内容,概括父亲的形象。

小题3:文章的高潮部分是父亲来信一段,让人感动。请结合具体的内容,分析作者在这一段使用了哪些描写手法(列举两点)?这样写的好处是什么?

小题4:“我”在对待父亲上有哪些错误?“我”对父亲的态度是如何变化的?你是如何评价“我”对父亲的这种“态度变化”?

答案

小题:定下全文的感情基调,引出下文小时的“我”对父亲的误解以及后来对父爱的深刻理解,先抑后扬的写作手法,曲折、真实地表现出“我”对父爱的震惊、感谢之情。

小题:朴实、暴躁、木讷但十分热爱自己的孩子,把对孩子的爱深深埋在内心深处,体现出大爱无言的特点。

小题:①细节描写。“父亲”做梦掉牙,首先想到了儿子;不识字的父亲能写儿子的名字。②侧面描写。以小侄子信的内容侧面描写父亲。③语言、动作描写。父亲对小侄子的训斥、能写“金翔”两个字,体现父亲对孩子的爱。

生动地刻画了父亲的形象,表现出父亲对孩子最深沉的爱,这种爱已深入到父亲的内心深处。与前文“我”对父亲的不理解作对比,表现“我”的浅薄、无知,为后文“我”对父亲的感谢、忏悔之情作铺垫。

小题:①不与父亲沟通、为父亲对“我”考上大学的兴奋不屑一顾、上大学后没有回过家、对父亲的来信应付等。

②年少的“我”没有发现父爱,所以才渴望父爱,对父亲有淡漠的情感,这是成长过程中的过错,而不是“我”本身的错误。等到感觉出父爱后,“我”的忏悔表现了“我”善良的本质,对父亲无私爱的感谢之情,文章对这种“感情变化”是赞同的。(言之有理即可。)

判断题
单项选择题

Teach for America (TFA) was founded by Wendy Kopp in 1990. It is a non-profit organisation that recruits top-notch graduates from elite institutions and gets them to teach for two years in struggling state schools in poor areas.

I had thought the programme was about getting more high-quality teachers — but that, it appears, is a secondary benefit. “This is about enlisting the energy of our country’s future leaders in its long-term educational needs, and eliminating inequity,” Wendy explains. It’s great if “corps members”, as TFA calls its active teachers, stay in the classroom — and many do, and rise quickly through the ranks.

But the “alums”, as she calls those who have finished their two-year teaching, who don’t stay in schools often go on to lead in other fields, meaning that increasing numbers of influential people in all walks of life learn that it is possible to teach successfully in low-income communities, and just what it takes. “It means you realise that we can solve this problem.”

As she continues to talk I realise that TFA is — in the best possible sense — a cult. It has its own language (“corps members”, “alums”), recruits are instilled (“We tell them that it can be done, that we know of hundreds, thousands, of teachers attaining tremendous success”), go through an ordeal (“Everyone hits the wall in week three in the classroom”), emerge transformed by privileged knowledge (“Once you know what we know — that kids in poor urban areas can excel — you can accomplish different things”) and can never leave (alumni form a growing, and influential, network). I have not seen the same zeal when talking to those on the equivalent programme in England, Teach First., in which the missionary-style language imported from America had to be toned down, because it just didn’t suit the restrained English style. But could that favour be necessary for its success

Chester, an alum, takes me to visit three TFA corps members at a middle school in the Bronx. They are impressive young people, and their zeal is evident. Two intend to stay in teaching; both want to open charter schools. One, a Hispanic woman, is working out with a friend how to educate migrant Hispanic labourers in Texas; the other would like to open a “green” charter, but in the meantime he has accepted a job with the KIPP charter group in Newark, New Jersey.

All three are tired. Their classrooms are not much like the rest of the school where they work, and their heroic efforts are only supported by Chester and each other, not by their co-workers. “The first year was unbelievably bad,” one tells me. “So many years with low expectations meant a lot of resistance from the kids. Eventually they saw the power and the growth they were capable of.”

Which of the following is true about TFA’s “corps members” and “alums”()

A. The corps members stay in schools after finishing their two-year teaching

B. The alums don’t stay in schools after finishing their two-year teaching

C. A corps member will be an alum after finishing the two-year teaching

D. A corps member becomes an alum if he or she has quitted halfway