问题 名词解释

夏文化

答案

参考答案:

夏人活动区域内夏王朝时期的居民留下来的物质文化遗存叫夏文化。二十世纪五十年代以来,在古籍记载的夏人活动地区豫西、晋南一带发现二里头文化,在考古学发展序列上补足中原地区龙山文化和商文化二里岗期中间的缺环。

其中有几种主要的看法:一.河南龙山文化晚期和二里头文化一至四期都是夏文化;二.二里头文化的一至四期都是夏文化,但河南龙山文化晚期不是夏文化;三.河南龙山文化晚期和二里头文化一、二期是夏文化,而二里头文化三、四期属于商文化;四.二里头文化一、二、三期为夏文化,偃师二里头遗址即夏都阳城。大家对第一、二期遗存可能是夏文化的认识比较一致。这时期生产水平有较大发展,已是青铜时代,农业上的发展表现为生产工具进步和专用酒器增多。

生产的发展导致贫富分化的加剧,主要表现在墓葬中出现分正常埋葬的人骨,及宫殿基址中庭发现的人殉坑,反映这一时期已经进入阶级社会。对夏文化分歧的解决有待于考古发掘提供更多物证,同时有待于多学科结合研究取得确切数据,对目前推算出的夏商纪年进行验证或修正,将夏朝的绝对年代确定下来,从而为夏文化探讨提供可靠前提

单项选择题

Modern industrial society grants little status to old people. In fact, such a society has a system of built-in obsolescence. There is no formal system for continuing our education throughout our life in order to keep up with rapidly changing knowledge. When our education and job skills have grown obsolete, we are treated exactly like those who have never gained an education or job skills and are not encouraged or given the opportunity to begin anew.As a society becomes more highly developed, the overall status of older people diminishes. Improved health technology creates a large pool of old people, who compete for jobs with the young. However, economic technology lowers the demand for workers and creates new jobs for which the skills of the aged are obsolete, forcing older people into retirement. At the same time, young people are being educated in the new technology and are keeping pace with rapid changes in knowledge. Finally, urbanization creates age-segregated neighborhoods. Because the old live on fixed incomes, they must often live in inferior housing. All these factors — retirement, obsolete knowledge and skills, inferior standards of living — lower the status of the aged in society.A century ago, when one could expect to live only to 50 or so, the life span more or less coincided with the occupation and family cycle. But today the average life span allows for fifteen to twenty years of life after these cycles. It appears that our life span is outpacing our usefulness in society.

The more highly developed a society is,________.

A.the more advanced technology will be

B.the larger the number of people will be

C.the more diminished old people’s status will be

D.the lower the overall status of the people will be

选择题