问题 名词解释

阉党

答案

参考答案:

明代依附于宦官权势的官僚所结成的政治派别。明朝宦官专权十分严重。英宗时的宦官王振,宪宗时的宦官汪直皆曾树有党羽,但至武宗时宦官刘瑾专权,阉党势力始形成。刘瑾与马永成、高凤、罗祥、魏彬、丘聚、谷大用、张永等号称八虎。瑾掌司礼监,永成掌东厂,大用掌西厂。大学士焦芳、刘宇、吏部尚书张、兵部尚书曹元锦锦衣卫指挥杨玉和石文义等皆为刘瑾心腹,他们排斥异己,广取贿赂,权擅天下,威福任情。公侯勋戚以下忤意者,谪斥有差;并屡兴大狱,冤号遍道。

熹宗时,大宦官魏忠贤专权,一大批朝官依附其权势,形成明代最大的阉党集团。其成员,内监有王体乾、李朝钦、王朝辅等三十余人。外廷有大学士顾秉谦、魏广微等,其中文臣崔呈秀、田吉、吴淳夫、李夔龙、倪文焕主谋议,号五虎;武臣田尔耕许显纯、孙云鹤、杨寰、崔应元主杀戮,号五彪;其他又有十狗十孩儿、四十孙等名号。

此外,自内阁六部至四方总督、巡抚,均置死党。魏忠贤也依靠这个集团的势力,打击反对派,扩大权势。顾秉谦、魏广微协助魏忠贤兴起杨涟、左光斗大狱,又以三案为题,残酷 * * 东林党。著名东林党人高攀龙、杨涟、周顺昌、魏大中、顾大章等均被迫害致死。阉党崔呈秀等更劝魏忠贤定《三朝要典》,企图将东林党人一网打尽。崇祯初,魏忠贤被诛,诏定逆案六等,阉党主要人物自旧辅以至庶僚,入逆案者凡两百六十余人

阅读理解

Many animals hide(躲藏) to stay alive. They hide in many ways. Some animals hide in leaves; some animals hide in snow. Usually their colors or shapes(形状) help protect them. It’s hard to see an Arctic bear in snow. Its white fur helps protect it. Chameleons(变色龙) can hide by changing colors. Their skin turns the same color as what is around them. Some chameleons can change colors in five minutes.

Many animals try to look bigger than they are to stay alive. Some animals can make other animals think they are very big. If they look very big, animals that are looking for food will run away. Bears can walk on two legs. They look very, very scary(可怕的). Some animals will run away from them.

Many animals try to stay around other animals. This helps them stay alive. Zebras stay close together so that they can help each other look out of danger. Seeing many stripes(条纹) at once can also confuse(使混乱) animals that want to eat them. Some birds stay in a circle, each toward a different direction. In this way they can also help each other stay alive by looking around for animals that may want to eat one of them.

小题1:Animals have ways to stay alive. Which animal try to look bigger than they are to stay alive in the passage?

A.Zebras.

B.Chameleons.

C.Birds.

D.Bears.小题2:Why do animals hide?

A.Because they like to play hide-and-seek.

B.Because they are shy.

C.Because they want to catch other.

D.Because they want to protect themselves.小题3:How do Chameleons hide?

A.They change colors.

B.They change shapes.

C.They hide in snow.

D.They hide in leaves.小题4:How do zebras hide?

A.Become good friends.

B.Talk to each other.

C.Help each other look out for danger.

D.Eat and play together.小题5:Why do animals try to look bigger than they are?

A.They want other animals to run away from them.

B.They want other animals to follow them.

C.They want other animals to see them.

D.They want other animals to like them.

单项选择题