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问题 单项选择题

下列所研究的物体，可看作质点的是（）

A.天文学家研究地球的自转

B.用GPS确定远洋海轮在大海中的位置

C.教练员对短跑运动员的起跑动作进行指导

D.在国际大赛中，乒乓球运动员王皓准备接对手发出的旋转球

答案

参考答案：B

解析：当物体的形状、大小对所研究的问题没有影响时，我们就可以把它看成质点，根据把物体看成质点的条件来判断即可．解：A、研究物体绕自身旋转时物体自身尺寸不能忽略，所以研究地球自转时地球自身不可以看做质点，所以A错误．B、海轮的大小和形状不影响它在海面的位置，所以可以看做质点，所以B正确；C、研究短跑运动员的起跑动作时看的就是运动员的动作，所以不可以看做质点，所以C错误；D、乒乓球旋转时不可以看成质点，如果看成质点就没有旋转了，所以D错误．故选B

名词解释

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单项选择题

Social control refers to social processes, planned or unplanned, by which people are taught, persuaded, or forced to conform to norms. In every society, some punishments or negative sanctions are established for deviant behavior. Without deviant behavior there would not be need for social control and without social control there would not be a way of recognizing the boundary between the acceptable and the unacceptable.Social control may be either formal or informal. Informal mechanisms include expressions of disapproval by significant others and withholding of positive rewards for disapproved behavior. Most people internalize norms in the course of socialization. This is any group’’s most powerful protection against deviance, in that the individual’’s own conscience operates as an agent of social control. When informal sanctions fail, formal agents of social control may be called upon. In contemporary society, such formal agents and agencies include psychiatry and other mental health professions; mental hospitals; police and courts of law; prisons; and social welfare agencies. All these formal agents function to limit, correct, and control violation of norms. Conflict theorists would also point out that social control agents and systems tend, in any society, to serve the interests of powerful groups and to enforce the norms most beneficial to those who make the rules and who, therefore, define unacceptable behavior.Social control, whether formal or informal, has a dual function. First, it punishes the wrongdoer and reaffirms the boundaries of acceptable behavior. Second, and less recognized, it regu lates the manner in which deviants are treated.

Formal agents of social control include the following EXCEPT________.

A．police stations

B．mental hospitals

C．welfare agencies

D．vocational schools
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