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试述肺性脑病的发病机制。

答案

参考答案:

由呼吸衰竭引起的脑功能障碍称为肺性脑病,其发病机制如下:

①酸中毒和缺氧对脑血管的作用

脑血管扩张,脑血流增加、脑充血;血管内皮受损,通透性增加,脑间质水肿;

ATP生成减少,钠泵功能障碍导致脑细胞水肿;都会使颅内压升高,压迫脑血管加重缺氧,形成恶性循环,最终促进脑疝的形成。

②缺氧和酸中毒对脑细胞的作用

I酸中毒使谷氨酸脱羧酶活性增加,GABA生成增加,使中枢抑制;

II酸中毒增强磷脂酶活性,膜磷脂降解,溶酶体酶释放,造成神经和组织细胞的损伤。

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Blair Admits Never Having Sent Flowers to His Wife


British Prime Minister Tony Blair admitted on a television programme that he has never sent flowers to his wife Cherie and that he had a youthful crush on Hollywood beauty Grace Kelly.
Blair, who allowed Channel 4 interviewer June Sarpong to shadow him for two days last month, made other personal (1) when asked questions he rarely hears on the usual television political (2) .
During the interviews for a program targeting 18-30 year (3) , the prime minister admitted he sometimes has to "wing it" when (4) public appearances and that he yearns to go out for a drink (5) being recognised.
However, the most dramatic revelation was his reply to Sarpong’s (6) on whether he still sends his wife flowers, prompting his interviewer to (7) in disbelief. "I’ve never sent her flowers. If I sent her flowers, she would (8) worried," Blair said.
But he added: "I am romantic. There are other ways of (9) romantic."
Blair needed a few moments to recall which posters he had (10) his bedroom wall as a youngster, then revealed: "I’ll tell you... actually, (11) I was younger, I loved Grace Kelly."
Born in 1929, Kelly (12) in films like ’Dial M For Murder’, ’Rear Window’ and ’High Society’ in the mid-1950s, but (13) acting to marry Prince Rainier of Monaco in 1956, when Blair was (14) two years old.
Blair admitted he initially found it "odd" to be (15) minister and to be rushed in motorcades from appointment to (16) , and worried that his lifesty left him "a bit isolated" from (17) people.
He admitted that he was constantly on the phone between public (18) , and rarely had time to prepare for his next (19) , telling Sarpong: "I wing it all the time."
And he revealed he has to check himself before he replies to (20) questions from the public. "The worst thing is when someone is giving you a real earful and you think ’I’m going to say something I will regret’," he said.
Asked what he would do if he could be invisible for a day, Blair yearned for a more ordinary life, saying he would "just walk down the street and go to the pub... just be absolutely normal".