问题 单项选择题

启蒙运动中最为激进的思想家是()

A.伏尔泰

B.孟德斯鸠

C.康德

D.卢梭

答案

参考答案:D

解析:

本题主要考查学生对教材内容的识记能力,在启蒙运动中卢梭是最为激进的思想家,他强调人民主权,认为君主不能很好地履行契约,人民可以撕毁契约推翻君主的统治,而相比于卢梭,A伏尔泰和B孟德斯鸠更倾向于保留君主,实行开明专制,即君主立宪制,C康德则没有明确主张推翻君主制度,故答案选D项。

考点:启蒙运动

点评:卢梭是法国启蒙运动时期著名的三大启蒙思想家之一,他的《社会契约论》积极吸收了英国早期启蒙思想家霍布斯的“社会契约”思想。所谓的社会契约就是认为国王统治民众,管理国家的权力来自于他和民众所签订的一份契约,其实也就是人民将权力授予国王。因此“社会契约”思想不仅体现了“人民主权”的观念,同时也能说明当国王统治不当时人民起来推翻国王统治的合法性,或者是人民革命的正当性。

单项选择题
问答题

Once a circle missed a wedge. The circle wanted to be whole, so it went around looking for its missing piece. But because it was incomplete and therefore could roll only very slowly, it admired the flowers along the way. It chatted with worms. It enjoyed the sunshine. It found lots of different pieces, but none of them fit. So it left them all by the side of the road and kept on searching. Then one day the circle found a piece that fit perfectly. It was so happy. Now it could be whole, with nothing missing. It incorporated the missing piece into itself and began to roll. Now that it was a perfect circle, it could roll very fast, too fast to notice flowers or talk to the worms. (46) When it realized how different the world seemed when it rolled so quickly, it stopped, left its found piece by the side of the road and rolled slowly away.
(47) The lesson of the story, I suggested, was that in some strange sense we are more whole when we are missing something. The man who has everything is in some ways a poor man. He will never know what it feels like to yearn, to hope, to nourish his soul with the dream of something better. He will never know the experience of having someone who loves him give him something he has always wanted or never had.
(48) There is a wholeness about the person who has crone to terms with his limitations, who has been brave enough to let go of his unrealistic dreams and not feel like a failure for doing so. There is a wholeness about the man or woman who has learned that he or she is p enough to go through a tragedy and survive, she can lose someone and still feel like a complete person. Life is not a trap set for us by God so that he can condemn us for failing. Life is not a spelling bee, where no matter how many words you’ve gotten right; you’re disqualified if you make one mistake. (49) Life is more like a baseball season, where even the best team loses one third of its games and even the worst team has its days of brilliance. Our goal is to win more games than we lose.
When we accept that imperfection is part of being human, and when we can continue rolling through life and appreciate it, we will have achieved a wholeness that others can only aspire to. (50) That, I believe, is what God asks of us—not "Be perfect", not "Don’t even make a mistake", but "Be whole."