问题 填空题

请根据草原生态系统的图示回答问题:

(1)作为草原生态系统,该图缺少的生物成分是______,图中的次级消费者有______.

(2)图中绿色植物所进行的②代表的重要生理作用是______.在生态系统中,能进行这一生理作用的生物成分还有______.

(3)鹰在此食物网中占有第______营养级,鹰获得的能量最终来自______,要使鹰获得最多的能量,应选择的食物链是______.

(4)假设有毒物质也进入该生态系统,有毒物质含量最高的生物是______,此现象称为______.

答案

(1))生态系统由生物部分和非生物部分组成,生物部分又包括生产者、消费者、分解者;因此作为草原生态系统,该图缺少的生物成分是分解者.分析图示可知:在该生态系统中,食草昆虫、鼠、兔子、吃虫鸟、鹰、蛇都直接绿色植物为食是的属于初级消费者.以初级消费者为食的动物,属于次级消费者,因此图中的次级消费者有的生物是吃虫鸟、鹰、蛇.

(2)呼吸作用的反应式:有机物+氧气→二氧化碳+水+能量;光合作用反应式可表示为:二氧化碳+水

叶绿体
有机物(贮存能量)+氧气.因此图中绿色植物所进行的②代表的重要(3)在食物链绿色植物→吃草昆虫→吃虫鸟蟾蜍→鹰、绿色植物→鼠→蛇→鹰和绿色植物→兔子→蛇→鹰,鹰是第四营养级,在绿色植物→鼠→鹰,鹰是三营养级.因此,鹰应该占有2个营养级.光合作用:绿色植物利用光能将其所吸收的二氧化碳和水制造有机物释放氧气,储存能量的过程.光合作用实现了物质转化和能量转化:把无机物转变为有机物;把光能变成化学能储存起来.因此,鹰获得的能量最终来自太阳能.能量在沿食物链流动的过程中逐级递减.食物链越长,能量消耗越多.鹰在该生态系统中获得能量最多的一条食物链是绿色植物→鼠→鹰.

(4)在生物体内有毒物质不能分解,无法排出,会通过食物链传递并逐渐积累,营养级越高,有毒物质积累的越多,此现象称为生物富集.因此,该生态系统中老鹰的体内有害物质含量最高.

故答案为:(1)分解者;吃虫鸟、鹰、蛇     

(2)呼吸作用;消费者和分解者

(3)3、4;太阳能;绿色植物→鼠→鹰      

(4)鹰;生物富集

完形填空

From childhood to old age, we all use language as a means of broadening our knowledge of ourselves and the world about us.When humans first 1 , they were like newborn children, unable to use this 2 tool.Yet once language developed, the possibilities for human kinds future 3 and cultural growth increased.

  Many linguists believe that evolution is 4 for our ability to produce and use language.They 5 that our highly evolved brain provides us 6 an innate language ability not found in lower 7 . Proponents of this innateness theory say that our 8 for language is inborn, but that language itself develops gradually, 9 a function of the growth of the brain during childhood.Therefore there are critical 10 times for language development.

Current 11 of innateness theory are mixed, however, evidence supporting the existence of some innate abilities is undeniable. 12 , more and more schools are discovering that foreign languages are best taught in 13 grades.Young children often can learn several languages by being 14 to them, while adults have a much harder time learning another language once the 15 of their first language have become firmly fixed.

16 some aspects of language are undeniably innate, language does not develop automatically in a vacuum.Children who have been 17 from other human beings do not possess language.This demonstrates that 18 with other human beings isnecessary for proper language development.Some linguists believe that this is even more basic to human language 19 than any innate capacities.These theorists view language as imitative, learned behavior. 20 , children learn language from their parents by imitating them.Parents gradually shape their child's language skills by positively reinforcing precise imitations and negatively reinforcing imprecise ones.

1.A.generated B.evolved C.born D.originated

2.A.valuable B.appropriate C.convenient D.favorite

3.A.attainments B.feasibilityC.entertainments D.evolution

4.A.essential B.available C.reliable D.responsible

5.A.confirm B.inform C.claim D.convince

6.A.for B.from C.of D.with

7.A.organizations B.organisms C.humans D.children

8.A.potential B.performance C.preference D.passion

9.A.as B.just as C.like D.unlike

10.A.ideological B.biological C.social D.psychological

11.A.reviews B.reference C.reaction D.recommendation

12.A.In a word B.In a sense C.Indeed D.In other words

13.A.various B.different C.the higher D.the lower

14.A.revealed B.exposed C.engaged D.involved

15.A.regulations B.formations C.rules D.constitutions

16.A.Although B.Whether C.Since D.When

17.A.distinguished B.different C.protected D.isolated

18.A.exposition B.comparison C.contrast  D.interaction

19.A.acquisition B.appreciation C.requirement D.alternative

20.A.As a result B.After all C.In other words D.Above all

填空题 案例分析题