问题 计算题

某校化学兴趣小组为了测定某一碳酸钠样品中碳酸钠的质量分数,进行如下实验,取13.25g碳酸钠样品(杂质既不溶于酸也不溶于水)放入烧杯中,加入95.8g水使其完全溶解,再向其中加入稀盐酸,测得反应放出气体的总质量与所加入稀盐酸的质量关系曲线如图所示,请回答:

(1)当加入212g稀盐酸时,放出气体的质量为__________g

(2)碳酸钠样品中碳酸钠的质量分数为多少?(写出计算过程)

(3)加入106g稀盐酸(即A点)时烧杯中溶液溶质的质量分数为多少?(写出计算过程)

答案

(1)4.4g(2)80%(3)10%

题目分析:(1)根据图像,可以看出当加入106g稀盐酸的时候,反应就结束,产生气体质量为4.4g,所以当加入212g稀盐酸时,放出气体的质量仍然为4.4g

(2)发生反应:Na2CO3+2HCl=2NaCl+H2O+CO2↑,根据方程式中碳酸钠与二氧化碳的质量关系可算出碳酸钠的质量,进而可以计算碳酸钠样品中碳酸钠的质量分数,反应后得到的是NaCl溶液,所以也可根据方程式中NaCl与二氧化碳的质量关系,求出溶液中溶质的质量

解:设碳酸钠的质量为x,生成的NaCl质量为y

Na2CO3+2HCl=2NaCl+H2O+CO2

106           117        44

x             y         4.4g

100:44=x:4.4g       x=10.6g

(2)碳酸钠样品中碳酸钠的质量分数=10.6g/13.25g×100%=80%

117:44=y:4.4g       y=11.7g  又由于反应后溶液质量=10.6g+95.8g+106g-4.4g=208g

(3)溶液溶质的质量分数=11.7g/208g×100%=5.6%

解答题
阅读理解

  Trees are useful to man in three very important ways: they provide him with wood and other products, they give him shade, and they help to prevent drought and floods.

  Unfortunately, in many parts of the world man has not realized that the third of these services is the most important. In his eagerness to draw quick profit from the trees, he has cut them down in large numbers, only to find that without them he has lost the best friends he had.

  Two thousand years ago a rich and powerful country cut down its trees to build warships, with which to gain itself an empire. It gained the empire but, without its trees, its soil became hard and poor. When the empire fell to pieces, the country found itself faced by floods and starvation.

  Even though a government realizes the importance of a plentiful supply of trees, it is difficult for it to persuade the villager to see this. The villager wants wood to cook his food with, and he can earn money by making charcoal or selling wood to the townsman. He is usually too lazy or too careless to plant and look after trees. So unless the government has a good system of control, or can educate the people, the forests will slowly disappear.

  This does not only mean that the villagers sons and grandsons have fewer trees. The results are even more serious. For where there are trees their roots break the soil up—allowing the rain to sink in and also hold the soil, thus preventing it being washed away easily, but where there are no trees, the soil becomes hard and poor. The rain falls on hard ground and flows away on the surface, causing floods and carrying away with it the rich topsoil, in which crops grow so well. When all the topsoil is gone, nothing remains but a worthless desert.

63. The purpose that the writer wrote this article for is ____ .

 A. to tell people that trees are very useful to man

 B. to warn people not to cut down trees any more

 C. to warn that man mustn't destroy forests any more

 D. to explain how trees help to prevent drought and floods

64. In the writer's opinion, ____ , or the forests slowly disappear.

 A. measure must be taken                      B. people shouldn't draw benefit from the tree

 C. government must realize the serious results      D. unless trees never be cut down

65. According to the article we know it is ____ to prevent the forests from slowly disappearing.

 A. necessary but impossible                    B. necessary but difficult

 C. impossible and unimportant                  D. difficult and impossible

66. In the last two paragraphs the writer wanted to make it clear that ____ .

 A. where there are no trees, the soil becomes hard and poor

 B. where there are many trees, there are fewer floods

 C. where there are no trees, the land might become desert slowly

 D. floods will make the land become desert