问题 问答题 案例分析题

【历史上重大改革回眸】

材料一:

1872年,新政府宣布停止使用以月亮运行为基础的历法(太阴历),而同西洋各国一样,明确实行以太阳的运行为基础的太阳历。而且确定一天为24小时,一周为7天,将此作为全国的共同时间。于是,人们生活所依据的历法和时间的划分发生了很大的变化。

此前,普通民众一年中的重大节日(如3月3日,5月5日,7月7日等),都是从中国传入的。政府改以天皇和皇室的活动为中心,规定新的节日,要求民众届时庆祝。如神武天皇即位日(神话传说中的第一位天皇),天皇的生日等。但是,由于旧历法及基于旧历法的各种节日活动同农业生产及习俗密切关联,所以在有些地域仍然长时间地延续着。——《东亚三国的近现代史》

材料二:

夏朝历法《夏小正》载有一年中各月份的物候、天象和农事情况。战国《甘石星经》是世界上现存最古老的星表。唐朝《大衍历》比较准确地反映了太阳的运行规律,系统周密。元朝《授时历》取“敬民授时”之意,定回归年长度为365.2425日,这与地球绕太阳一周的时间相差无几。——编自新浪网

根据材料一、二并结合所学知识,分析明治维新时期日本历法改革与中国古代历法发展在原因上有何主要异同。

答案

参考答案:

异:日本是为了“文明开化”,引进西方文明改造日本传统文化。中国是为了促进封建小农经济的持续发展。

同:都是为了生产的发展调整历法。

解析:日本明治维新时期的历法改革强调学习西方以改造日本的传统文化,以适应资本主义经济发展的需求,中国的历法则是以促进封建经济为出发点的,相同点:目的相同,二者都是为经济发展服务的。

阅读理解

With more and more farmers working in big cities, their children go into the cities, too.However, problems appear. One of these problems is that is difficult for these children to receive education in cities.

Luckily, there are some free schools for them, but they are not enough. Ten-year-old Li Xin is one of the lucky girls who get a chance to study in one of these schools. She is very happy. She studies in a school specially for migrant workers’(外来务工人员的)children. For children like Li Xin who don’t have enough money, these free schools are their best choice, because they have free classes, textbooks, uniforms and meals in the schools.

But there is a long way to go. The free schools for children from migrant workers’ families are not enough because to run such a school is not easy and needs lots of money. A school officer said they needed at least one million yuan to run the school. “Luckily, some people and companies donate(捐赠)money, used books and a lot of other things to help us. There are also some volunteers teachers,” he added.

Anyhow, we must try to give these children an equal(平等)chance to get better education so that we can make our society harmonious(和谐的).

小题1:From the passage, we know that Li Xin’s parents used to be __________.

A.workers

B.teachers

C.officers

D.farmers小题2:The school provides Li Xin with the following things free except_____.

A.textbooks

B.uniforms

C.computers

D.meals小题3:What does the underlined word “run” mean in Chinese in the passage?

A.奔跑

B.经营

C.考虑

D.收购小题4:The passage mainly talks about__________.

A.what jobs migrant workers can do in big cities

B.the development of big cities

C.helping migrant workers’ children go to school

D.what difficulties those free schools face now

单项选择题