问题 问答题 案例分析题

人文精神是世界思想文化领域的瑰宝,推动了人类历史的发展进程。阅读下面材料,回答问题。

材料一

(苏格拉底)用一问一答的方式反复考验一切世俗的命题,直至真善美的概念水落石出,从而为个人行为提供真实可靠的指导。……结果却是将他自己置于了城邦及其人民的对立面。

──吴晓群《希腊思想与文化》

材料二

文艺复兴(Renaissance)的意义有两个:一是复生(rebirth),一是新生(new—birth),这两个意义是都不错的。因为从一方面来看,文艺复兴是希腊罗马的古文艺和人生观的复活,是一种复生运动;从他方面看来,文艺复兴却是欧洲近古文化的先锋,是一种文化的新诞生。

——陈衡哲《西洋史》

材料三

他们在经济领域中的主要口号是自由放任……国家对自然经济力量的自由发挥作用不得干涉……在宗教方面,伏尔泰说,“如果在英国仅允许有一种宗教,政府很可能会变得专横……但是,当有大量的宗教时,大家都能幸福地生活、和睦相处。”在政治方面,卢梭在其主要政治著作《社会契约论》(1762年)一书中说,所有公民在建立一个政府的过程中,把他们的个人意志熔合成一个共同意志,同意接受这共同意志的裁决作为最终的裁决……“行 * * 的受托人不是人民的主人,而是人民的办事员;它(人民)能如心所愿地使他们掌权和把他们拉下台;对受托人来说,不存在契约的问题,只有服从。”

——摘自斯塔夫里阿诺斯《全球通史》

根据材料二并结合所学知识,谈谈你对作者所说“复生”和“新生”的理解。

答案

参考答案:

“复生”理解:文艺复兴的思想核心是人文主义,是对古希腊肯定人的价值和作用人文精神的继承发展。因此可以说是对古希腊文化的复兴。

解析:本题主要考察学生对文艺复兴的理解。根据所学知识可以得出,“复生”应该理解为古希腊思想文化的再次兴起;而“新生”则是新兴资产阶级反对封建神学世界观束缚的思想解放运动。“这两个意义是都不错的”的依据:文艺复兴的思想核心是人文主义,是对古希腊肯定人的价值和作用的人文精神的继承发展,因此是对古希腊罗马文化的“复生”;文艺复兴是资产阶级要求反教会神学世界观的思想解放运动,推动欧洲思想文化的近代化,因此是资产阶级文化的“新生”。

单项选择题 A1/A2型题
阅读理解

When I was small and my grandmother died, I couldn’t understand why I had no tears. But that night when my dad tried to cheer me up, my laugh turned into crying.

.   So it came as no surprise to learn that researchers believe crying and laughing come from the same part of the brain. Just as laughing has many health advantages, scientists are discovering that so, too, does crying.

Whatever it takes for us to reduce pressure is important to our emotional (情感的) health, and crying seems to study found that 85 percent of women and 73 percent of men report feeling better after crying.

Besides, tears attract help from other people. Researchers agree that when we cry, people around us become kinder and friendly and they are more ready to provide support and comfort. Tears also enable us to understand our emotions better; sometimes we don't even know we're very sad until we cry. We learn about our emotions through Crying, and then we can deal with them.

Just as crying can be healthy, not crying — holding back tears of anger, pain or suffering — can be bad for physical (身体的) health, Studies have shown that too much control of emotions can lead to high blood pressure, heart problems and some other illnesses. If you have a health problem, doctors will certainly not ask you to cry. But when you feel like crying, don't fight it. It's a natural — and healthy — emotional response (反应).

60. Why didn't the author cry when her grandmother died?

A. Because her father did not --ant her to feel too sad.

B. Because she did not love her grandmother.

C. Because she was too shy to cry at that time.

D. Tie author doesn’t give the explanation.

61, It can be inferred from the text that ______.

A. there are two ways to keep healthy

B. crying does more good to health than laughing

C. crying and laughing play the same roles

D. emotional health has a close relationship to physical health

62. According to the author, which of the following statements is true?

A. Crying is the best way to get help from others.

B. Fighting back tears may cause some health problems.

C. We will never know our deep feelings unless we cry.

D. We must cry if we want to reduce pressure.

63. What might be the most suitable title for the text?

A. Power of Tears         B. How to Keep Healthy

C. Why We Cry           D. A New Scientific Discovery