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问题 单项选择题

下面是1795年出版的法国作家孔多塞所写的《人类精神进步史表纲要》一书目录摘要：……第四个时代人类精神在希腊的进步下迄亚历山大世纪各种科学分类的时期……第七个时代科学在西方的复兴从科学最初的进步下迄印刷术的发明第八个时代从印刷术的发明下迄科学与哲学挣脱了权威的束缚的时期……。这表明作者认为（）

A.判断是非的标准是“人”自己

B.科学技术不断推动人类社会进步

C.东西方文明相互交流不断融合

D.历史是人类理性不断解放的过程

答案

参考答案：D

解析：

本题主要考查学生运用所学知识解决问题的能力，即对材料所述历史现象的概括能力，从材料中作者对《人类精神进步史表纲要》一书目录的总结，不难看出作者以人类自我解放折射出历史的进步性，D项概括最为全面，AB两项仅仅只能概括其中某一个时代的主题，C项含义材料中并未直接体现。

考点：西方人文精神的发展·文艺复兴和宗教改革·人文主义精神的发展历程

单项选择题

Questions 58 to 62 are based on the following passage:In the past century Irish painting has changes from a British-influenced lyrical tradition to an art that evokes the ruggedness （朴实） and roots of an Irish Celtic past. At the turn of the twentieth century Irish painters, including notables Walter Frederick Osborne and Sir William Orpen, looked elsewhere for influence. Osborne’s exposure to ’plain air’ painting deeply impacted his stylistic development; and Orpen allied himself with a group of English artists, while at the same time participated in the French avant-garde experiment, both as painter and teacher.However, nationalist energies were beginning to coalesce （接合 ）， reviving interest in Irish culture-including Irish visual arts. Beatrice Elvery’s （1907）， a landmark achievement, merged the devotional simplicity of fifteenth-century Italian painting with the iconography （图像学） of Ireland’s Celtic past, linking the history of Irish Catholicism with the still-nascent （初生的 ）Irish republic. And, although also captivated by the French plain air school. Sir John Lavery invoked the mythology of his native land for a 1928 commission to paint the central figure for the bank note of the new Irish Free State. Lavery chose as this figure, with her arm on a Celtic harp （竖琴）， the national symbol of independent Ireland.In Irish painting from about 1910, memories of Edwardian romanticism coexisted with a new sense of realism, exemplified by the paintings of Paul Henry and Se Keating, a student of Orpen’s. Realism also crept into the work of Edwardians Lavery and Orpen, both of whom made paintings depicting World War I, Lavery with a distanced Victorian nobility, Orpen closer to the front, revealing a more sinister and realistic vision. Meanwhile, counterpoint （ 对照 ） to the Edwardians and realists came Jack B. Yeats, whose travels throughout the rugged and more authentically Irish West led him to depict subjects ranging from street scenes in Dublin to boxing matches and funerals. Fusing close observations of Irish life and icons with an Irish identity in a new way, Yeats changed the face of Irish painting and became the most important Irish artist of his century.

Which of the following art most probably exerted the greatest influence on Irish painting in the 19th century

A．British lyrical tradition

B．French avant-garde experiment

C．nationalist energies

D．Italian painting
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多项选择题

移液管的使用方法及注意事项有（）。

A、移液管在放液时应紧贴着瓶壁，应慢慢放

B、移液管在放液时不用紧贴瓶壁，把液放干净为止

C、移液管在往瓶内移液时，最后残留的液滴要吹干净

D、移液管在往瓶内移液时，最后残留的液滴应用嘴吹干净
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